Bruno Pathea Shawnae, Biggers Peter, Nuru Niyogushima, Versaci Nicholas, Chirila Miruna Ioana, Darie Costel C, Neagu Anca-Narcisa
Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA.
Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași, Carol I Bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania.
Biomedicines. 2025 Mar 8;13(3):665. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13030665.
Despite the progress made in oncological theranostics, cancer remains a global health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. Multidrug and radiation therapy resistance is an important challenge in cancer treatment. To overcome this great concern in clinical practice, conventional therapies are more and more used in combination with modern approaches to improve the quality of patients' lives. In this review, we emphasize how small biological entities, such as viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and microalgae, as well as their related structural compounds and toxins/metabolites/bioactive molecules, can prevent and suppress cancer or regulate malignant initiation, progression, metastasis, and responses to different therapies. All these small biological fighters are free-living or parasitic in nature and, furthermore, viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoans are components of human and animal microbiomes. Recently, polymorphic microbiomes have been recognized as a new emerging hallmark of cancer. Fortunately, there is no limit to the development of novel approaches in cancer biomedicine. Thus, viral vector-based cancer therapies based on genetically engineered viruses, bacteriotherapy, mycotherapy based on anti-cancer fungal bioactive compounds, use of protozoan parasite-derived proteins, nanoarchaeosomes, and microalgae-based microrobots have been more and more used in oncology, promoting biomimetic approaches and biology-inspired strategies to maximize cancer diagnostic and therapy efficiency, leading to an improved patients' quality of life.
尽管肿瘤诊疗学取得了进展，但癌症仍然是一个全球健康问题，也是全球主要的死亡原因。多药耐药和放射治疗耐药是癌症治疗中的一个重要挑战。为了克服临床实践中的这一重大问题，传统疗法越来越多地与现代方法联合使用，以提高患者的生活质量。在这篇综述中，我们强调了一些微小的生物实体，如病毒、细菌、古菌、真菌、原生动物和微藻，以及它们相关的结构化合物和毒素/代谢产物/生物活性分子，如何能够预防和抑制癌症，或调节恶性肿瘤的起始、进展、转移以及对不同疗法的反应。所有这些微小的生物斗士在本质上都是自由生活或寄生的，此外，病毒、细菌、古菌、真菌和原生动物都是人类和动物微生物群的组成部分。最近，多态性微生物群已被认为是癌症的一个新出现的标志。幸运的是，癌症生物医学新方法的发展没有限制。因此，基于基因工程病毒的病毒载体癌症疗法、细菌疗法、基于抗癌真菌生物活性化合物的真菌疗法、原生动物寄生虫衍生蛋白的应用、纳米古菌体和基于微藻的微型机器人在肿瘤学中越来越多地被使用，促进了仿生方法和生物学启发策略，以最大限度地提高癌症诊断和治疗效率，从而改善患者的生活质量。
