Apers Hanne, Van Praag Lore, Nöstlinger Christiana, Agyemang Charles
Centre for Migration and Intercultural Studies/Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2023 Apr 20;10:e23. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2023.15. eCollection 2023.
In Europe, migrants and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for mental disorders compared to the general population. However, little is known about which interventions improve their mental health and well-being and about their underlying mechanisms that reduce existing mental health inequities. To fill this gap, the aim of this scoping review was to synthesise the available evidence on health promotion, prevention, and non-medical treatment interventions targeting migrants and ethnic minority populations. By mapping and synthesising the findings, including facilitators and barriers for intervention uptake, this scoping review provides valuable insights for developing future interventions. We used the PICo strategy and PRISMA guidelines to select peer-reviewed articles assessing studies on interventions. In total, we included 27 studies and synthesised the results based on the type of intervention, intervention mechanisms and outcomes, and barriers and facilitators to intervention uptake. We found that the selected studies implemented tailored interventions to reach these specific populations who are at risk due to structural inequities such as discrimination and racism, stigma associated with mental health, language barriers, and problems in accessing health care. The majority of interventions showed a positive effect on participants' mental health, indicating the importance of using a tailored approach. We identified three main successful mechanisms for intervention development and implementation: a sound theory-base, systematic adaption to make interventions culturally sensitive and participatory approaches. Moreover, this review indicates the need to holistically address social determinants of health through intersectoral programming to promote and improve mental health among migrants and ethnic minority populations. We identified current shortcomings and knowledge gaps within this field: rigorous intervention studies were scarce, there was a large diversity regarding migrant population groups and few studies evaluated the interventions' (cost-)effectiveness.
在欧洲，与普通人群相比，移民和少数族裔群体患精神障碍的风险更高。然而，对于哪些干预措施能改善他们的心理健康和幸福感，以及减少现有心理健康不平等现象的潜在机制，我们却知之甚少。为填补这一空白，本范围综述的目的是综合针对移民和少数族裔人群的健康促进、预防及非药物治疗干预措施的现有证据。通过梳理和综合研究结果，包括干预措施采用的促进因素和障碍，本范围综述为未来干预措施的制定提供了有价值的见解。我们采用PICo策略和PRISMA指南来选择评估干预措施研究的同行评审文章。我们总共纳入了27项研究，并根据干预类型、干预机制和结果以及干预措施采用的障碍和促进因素对结果进行了综合分析。我们发现，所选研究实施了针对性的干预措施，以惠及这些因歧视和种族主义等结构性不平等、与心理健康相关的污名、语言障碍以及获得医疗保健方面的问题而面临风险的特定人群。大多数干预措施对参与者的心理健康产生了积极影响，表明采用针对性方法的重要性。我们确定了干预措施制定和实施的三个主要成功机制：坚实的理论基础、系统调整以使干预措施具有文化敏感性以及参与式方法。此外，本综述表明需要通过部门间规划全面解决健康的社会决定因素，以促进和改善移民和少数族裔人群的心理健康。我们确定了该领域当前的不足和知识空白：严格的干预研究稀缺，移民人群群体差异很大，很少有研究评估干预措施的（成本）效益。
