Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2024 Feb;164(2):571-577. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.15200. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
To evaluate changes in the menstrual pattern of women of reproductive age infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
A cross-sectional study at the University of Campinas, Brazil using Google questionnaire applied from December 2021 through February 2022, disseminated through snowball technique. Participants responded about characteristics of their menstrual cycle before the pandemic and before COVID-19 vaccination, and then about characteristics of their cycle 3 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 3 months after vaccination. Our primary outcome was a binary indicator of changes in the menstrual cycle. We used multivariate regression analysis to identify factors associated with menstrual changes.
We received 1012 completed questionnaires and 735 (72.7%) were from women aged between 20 and 39 years, 745 (73.6%) were White and 491 (48.6%) lived with a partner. A total of 419 (41.6%) of the women reported SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, only two of them were hospitalized, and 995 (98.8%) of women had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. About menstrual characteristics, 170 (41.3%) reported changes after having COVID-19 and 294 (29.9%) after COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. Few years of schooling, lower income, and non-white ethnicity were related to higher reports of menstrual changes after COVID-19. Menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination were associated with not using contraception. Higher body mass index was associated with irregularities in cyclicity and bleeding days, after COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination, respectively.
Our results corroborated the stability of the menstrual cycle after having COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination; however, there is a potential relationship between menstrual changes and socioeconomic factors as well as contraceptive use.
评估感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）或接种 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗的育龄妇女月经模式的变化。
这是巴西坎皮纳斯大学的一项横断面研究，使用 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 2 月通过滚雪球技术发布的谷歌问卷进行。参与者回答了大流行前和 COVID-19 疫苗接种前他们的月经周期特征，然后回答了感染 SARS-CoV-2 后 3 个月和接种疫苗后 3 个月他们的周期特征。我们的主要结局是月经周期变化的二元指标。我们使用多变量回归分析来确定与月经变化相关的因素。
我们共收到 1012 份完整的问卷，其中 735 份（72.7%）来自 20 至 39 岁的女性，745 份（73.6%）为白人，491 份（48.6%）与伴侣同住。共有 419 名（41.6%）女性报告感染了 SARS-CoV-2；然而，仅有 2 人住院，995 名（98.8%）女性至少接种了一剂 COVID-19 疫苗。关于月经特征，分别有 170 名（41.3%）和 294 名（29.9%）报告 COVID-19 后和 COVID-19 疫苗接种后出现变化。受教育年限较短、收入较低和非白人种族与 COVID-19 后更高的月经变化报告率相关。COVID-19 疫苗接种后出现月经变化与不使用避孕措施相关。较高的体重指数与 COVID-19 后和 COVID-19 疫苗接种后分别出现的周期不规律和出血天数相关。
我们的结果证实了感染 SARS-CoV-2 或接种 COVID-19 疫苗后月经周期的稳定性；然而，月经变化与社会经济因素以及避孕措施的使用之间存在潜在关系。
