Glowa J R
Neuropharmacology. 1986 Oct;25(10):1127-35. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(86)90160-7.
The effects of d-amphetamine (0.03-10.0 mg/kg), caffeine (0.3-100.0 mg/kg), nicotine (0.003-10.0 mg/kg) and cocaine (0.03-56.0 mg/kg) were compared on responding maintained under three different schedules of food presentation in mice. Cumulative doses of d-amphetamine, nicotine and cocaine only decreased responding maintained under fixed-ratio 30 response, fixed-interval 60-sec and fixed-interval 60-sec schedules with a punishment contingency (suppressed responding). In most cases there was an inverse relationship between the ED50 (dose which decreased responding by 50%) for the drug and the rate of responding maintained under each schedule. The exceptions were, with both d-amphetamine and cocaine the ED50 for suppressed responding was smaller than that for non-suppressed fixed-interval responding, and with nicotine the ED50 for fixed-ratio responding was smaller than that for fixed-interval responding. In contrast, intermediate doses of caffeine increased suppressed responding, had little effect on fixed-interval responding and decreased fixed-ratio responding. This difference in profile of effect over the range of conditions studied, suggests that the behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulants can be used to examine potential differences in the mechanisms of action of each drug. Such findings may aid in the understanding of the relationships between the neuropharmacological and behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs.
比较了右旋苯丙胺（0.03 - 10.0毫克/千克）、咖啡因（0.3 - 100.0毫克/千克）、尼古丁（0.003 - 10.0毫克/千克）和可卡因（0.03 - 56.0毫克/千克）对小鼠在三种不同食物呈现时间表下维持反应的影响。右旋苯丙胺、尼古丁和可卡因的累积剂量仅降低了在固定比率30次反应、固定间隔60秒和带有惩罚条件的固定间隔60秒时间表下维持的反应（抑制反应）。在大多数情况下，药物的半数有效剂量（使反应降低50%的剂量）与每种时间表下维持的反应速率之间存在反比关系。例外情况是，对于右旋苯丙胺和可卡因，抑制反应的半数有效剂量小于非抑制的固定间隔反应的半数有效剂量，而对于尼古丁，固定比率反应的半数有效剂量小于固定间隔反应的半数有效剂量。相比之下，中等剂量的咖啡因增加了抑制反应，对固定间隔反应影响不大，降低了固定比率反应。在所研究的条件范围内效应特征的这种差异表明，精神运动兴奋剂的行为效应可用于研究每种药物作用机制的潜在差异。这些发现可能有助于理解精神运动兴奋剂药物的神经药理学和行为效应之间的关系。
