中国青少年睡眠障碍的变化：一项基于人群的在线调查。

Changes in sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: A population-based online survey.

机构信息

School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

出版信息

J Psychosom Res. 2023 Dec;175:111515. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111515. Epub 2023 Oct 6.

DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111515

PMID:37856932

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Sleep disturbance is prevalent among adolescents but little is known about the short-term changes among Chinese adolescents. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and change patterns of sleep disturbance and identify its risk and protective factors.

METHODS

Data were collected online from April 21st to May 12th, 2021 (Time 1, T1) and December 17th to 26th, 2021 (Time 2, T2). The final sample comprised 34,260 adolescents. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic variables, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, life events, family function, and resilience.

RESULTS

The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 12.0% at T1 and 11.8% at T2, with higher rates in females than males. Four groups of sleep disturbance change patterns were identified: non-sleep disturbance group (80.4%), persistent group (4.2%), new-onset group (7.6%), and remission group (7.8%). Risk factors for new-onset sleep disturbance included being in junior high school (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.15-1.38), family history of mental disorders (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.03-2.15), and moderate (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.13-1.36) and severe (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.27-1.72) family dysfunction. Risk factors for persistent sleep disturbance included being in junior (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.08-1.45) and senior (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.15-2.03) high school, parental currently unmarried status (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.05-1.73), moderate (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02-1.39) and severe (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06-1.55) family dysfunction. Medium (AOR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.43-0.53) and high (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.29-0.40) levels of resilience were protective factors against new-onset sleep disturbance, as well as against persistent sleep disturbance (medium level: AOR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.43-0.60; high level: AOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.25-0.43).

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions aimed at promoting family functions and enhancing resilience may improve sleep disturbance among adolescents.

摘要

目的

睡眠障碍在青少年中普遍存在，但对中国青少年短期变化的了解甚少。本研究旨在探讨睡眠障碍的流行程度和变化模式，并确定其风险和保护因素。

方法

2021 年 4 月 21 日至 5 月 12 日（时间 1，T1）和 2021 年 12 月 17 日至 26 日（时间 2，T2）在网上收集数据。最终样本包括 34260 名青少年。使用自我管理问卷评估社会人口统计学变量、睡眠障碍、抑郁、焦虑、生活事件、家庭功能和适应力。

结果

T1 时睡眠障碍的患病率为 12.0%，T2 时为 11.8%，女性患病率高于男性。确定了四种睡眠障碍变化模式：无睡眠障碍组（80.4%）、持续组（4.2%）、新发病例组（7.6%）和缓解组（7.8%）。新发睡眠障碍的危险因素包括就读初中（AOR=1.26，95%CI=1.15-1.38）、家族精神疾病史（AOR=1.49，95%CI=1.03-2.15）和中度（AOR=1.24，95%CI=1.13-1.36）和重度（AOR=1.48，95%CI=1.27-1.72）家庭功能障碍。持续睡眠障碍的危险因素包括就读初中（AOR=1.25，95%CI=1.08-1.45）和高中（AOR=1.53，95%CI=1.15-2.03）、父母目前未婚状况（AOR=1.34，95%CI=1.05-1.73）、中度（AOR=1.19，95%CI=1.02-1.39）和重度（AOR=1.28，95%CI=1.06-1.55）家庭功能障碍。中等（AOR=0.48，95%CI=0.43-0.53）和高（AOR=0.34，95%CI=0.29-0.40）适应水平是新发睡眠障碍以及持续睡眠障碍的保护因素（中等水平：AOR=0.51，95%CI=0.43-0.60；高水平：AOR=0.32，95%CI=0.25-0.43）。