School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2024 Jan;43(1):170-181. doi: 10.1002/etc.5774. Epub 2023 Dec 5.
High levels of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), which is a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are detected in various environmental matrices, wildlife, and humans. Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate has received increased attention due to its potential risk to ecosystems. However, its toxicity in the soil organisms remains unclear. In the present study, a comparative investigation was conducted on the toxicities of 6:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) and PFOS to the earthworm Eisenia. fetida. F-53B was significantly more acutely toxic to earthworms than PFOS, with median lethal concentrations of 1.43 and 1.83 mmol/kg dry soil (~816 and 984 mg/kg dry soil), respectively. Although both F-53B and PFOS, at 0.4 mmol/kg dry soil (=228 and 215 mg/kg dry soil) caused oxidative stress in earthworms, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities as well as malondialdehyde level, the stress caused by F-53B was higher than that caused by PFOS. In transcriptomic and metabolomic studies, negative effects of PFOS and F-53B were observed on several metabolic processes in earthworms, including protein digestion and amino acid absorption, lipid metabolism, and the immune response. Compared with PFOS, F-53B exhibited a weaker disruption of lipid metabolism, comparable potency for toxicity to the immune response, and a stronger potency in extracellular matrix destruction along with apoptosis and ferroptosis induction. Hence, our data suggest that F-53B is more toxic than PFOS to earthworms. The findings provide some new insights into the potential toxicity of F-53B to soil organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:170-181. © 2023 SETAC.
高水平的 6:2 氯代全氟醚磺酸（F-53B），这是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的替代品，在各种环境基质、野生动物和人类中都有检测到。由于其对生态系统的潜在风险，氯代全氟醚磺酸受到了越来越多的关注。然而，它在土壤生物中的毒性尚不清楚。在本研究中，对 6:2 氯代全氟醚磺酸（F-53B）和 PFOS 对赤子爱胜蚓的毒性进行了比较研究。F-53B 对蚯蚓的急性毒性明显高于 PFOS，半致死浓度分别为 1.43 和 1.83 mmol/kg 干土（~816 和 984 mg/kg 干土）。尽管 F-53B 和 PFOS 在 0.4 mmol/kg 干土（=228 和 215 mg/kg 干土）时均导致蚯蚓产生氧化应激，表现为超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及丙二醛水平升高，但 F-53B 引起的应激高于 PFOS。在转录组学和代谢组学研究中，PFOS 和 F-53B 对蚯蚓的几个代谢过程都产生了负面影响，包括蛋白质消化和氨基酸吸收、脂质代谢和免疫反应。与 PFOS 相比，F-53B 对脂质代谢的破坏作用较弱，对免疫反应的毒性相当，对细胞外基质的破坏作用以及诱导细胞凋亡和铁死亡的作用较强。因此，我们的数据表明，F-53B 对蚯蚓的毒性强于 PFOS。这些发现为 F-53B 对土壤生物的潜在毒性提供了一些新的见解。Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:170-181. © 2023 SETAC.
