Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 ONF, UK.
J Med Entomol. 2023 Nov 14;60(6):1221-1229. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad098.
Orbiviruses are of significant importance to the health of wildlife and domestic animals worldwide; the major orbiviruses transmitted by multiple biting midge (Culicoides) species include bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus. The viruses, insect vectors, and hosts are anticipated to be impacted by global climate change, altering established Orbivirus epidemiology. Changes in global climate have the potential to alter the vector competence and extrinsic incubation period of certain biting midge species, affect local and long-distance dispersal dynamics, lead to range expansion in the geographic distribution of vector species, and increase transmission period duration (earlier spring onset and later fall transmission). If transmission intensity is associated with weather anomalies such as droughts and wind speeds, there may be changes in the number of outbreaks and periods between outbreaks for some regions. Warmer temperatures and changing climates may impact the viral genome by facilitating reassortment and through the emergence of novel viral mutations. As the climate changes, Orbivirus epidemiology will be inextricably altered as has been seen with recent outbreaks of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and African horse sickness outside of endemic areas, and requires interdisciplinary teams and approaches to assess and mitigate future outbreak threats.
虫媒呼肠孤病毒对全球野生动物和家畜的健康具有重要意义；由多种吸血蠓（库蠓属）传播的主要虫媒呼肠孤病毒包括蓝舌病病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病毒和非洲马瘟病毒。预计全球气候变化将影响病毒、昆虫媒介和宿主，改变已确立的虫媒呼肠孤病毒流行病学。全球气候变化有可能改变某些吸血蠓种的媒介效能和外潜伏期，影响局部和长距离扩散动态，导致媒介物种地理分布范围扩大，并延长传播期（春季提前开始，秋季传播时间延长）。如果传播强度与干旱和风速等天气异常相关，某些地区的暴发次数和暴发间隔可能会发生变化。变暖的温度和变化的气候可能通过促进重配和新的病毒突变的出现来影响病毒基因组。随着气候的变化，虫媒呼肠孤病毒的流行病学也将发生变化，正如在非流行地区最近暴发的蓝舌病、传染性造血器官坏死病和非洲马瘟所看到的那样，这需要跨学科团队和方法来评估和减轻未来暴发的威胁。
