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床旁超声在诊断和手法复位睾丸扭转中的应用。

Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis and manual detorsion of testicular torsion.

机构信息

Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin Chuo-ku Saitama, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan.

出版信息

J Med Ultrason (2001). 2024 Jan;51(1):59-70. doi: 10.1007/s10396-023-01374-z. Epub 2023 Oct 20.

DOI:10.1007/s10396-023-01374-z
PMID:37863980
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10937765/
Abstract

Testicular torsion is a urological emergency caused by the loss of testicular tissue due to ischemic damage. Rapid diagnosis and urgent treatment play a crucial role in the management of testicular torsion. Manual detorsion can be performed at the bedside, thereby reducing the duration of ischemia. Recent studies have reported the use of point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosing testicular torsion; however, no review article has focused on the ultrasonographic findings pertaining to manual detorsion. This review describes the diagnosis of testicular torsion and the ultrasonographic indications for manual detorsion. Spermatic cord twisting or the whirlpool sign, absence of or decreased blood flow within the affected testis, abnormal testicular axis, abnormal echogenicity, and enlargement of the affected testis and epididymis due to ischemia are the sonographic findings associated with testicular torsion. The following findings are considered indications for manual detorsion: direction of testicular torsion, i.e., inner or outer direction (ultrasonographic accuracy of 70%), and the degree of spermatic cord twist. The following sonographic findings are used to determine whether the treatment was successful: presence of the whirlpool sign and the degree and extent of perfusion of the affected testis. Misdiagnosis of the direction of manual detorsion, a high degree of spermatic cord twisting and insufficient detorsion, testicular compartment syndrome, and testicular necrosis were found to result in treatment failure. The success of manual detorsion is determined based on the symptoms and sonographic findings. Subsequent surgical exploration is recommended in all cases, regardless of the success of manual detorsion.

摘要

睾丸扭转是一种泌尿外科急症，由缺血性损伤导致睾丸组织丧失引起。快速诊断和紧急治疗在睾丸扭转的管理中起着至关重要的作用。床边手动复位可减少缺血持续时间。最近的研究报告了使用即时超声检查来诊断睾丸扭转，但没有综述文章专门关注手动复位的超声表现。本文描述了睾丸扭转的诊断和手动复位的超声指征。精索扭曲或漩涡征、受累睾丸内无血流或血流减少、睾丸轴异常、回声异常以及缺血引起的受累睾丸和附睾增大是与睾丸扭转相关的超声表现。以下发现被认为是手动复位的指征：睾丸扭转的方向，即内旋或外旋（超声准确性为 70%）和精索扭转的程度。以下超声表现用于确定治疗是否成功：漩涡征的存在以及受累睾丸的灌注程度和范围。手动复位方向的误诊、精索扭转程度高和复位不足、睾丸间隔综合征和睾丸坏死均导致治疗失败。手动复位的成功与否取决于症状和超声表现。无论手动复位是否成功，都建议进行后续的手术探查。

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POCUS J. 2021 Nov 23;6(2):70-72. doi: 10.24908/pocus.v6i2.15186. eCollection 2021.
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Testicular torsion in neonates.新生儿睾丸扭转
儿童与青少年睾丸扭转的临床结局及患者特征差异
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Testicular Torsion with Intact Blood Flow: A Point of Care Ultrasound Case-Series.血流完整的睾丸扭转：床旁超声病例系列
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Perinatal Testicular Torsion in Northern Ireland: A Nationwide 10-Year Review.北爱尔兰围产期睾丸扭转：一项为期10年的全国性回顾
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