Shapiro Z R, Kable J A, Grant T M, Stoner S A, Coles C D
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2023 Oct;47(10):1978-1988. doi: 10.1111/acer.15177. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impacts cognition in childhood and early adulthood. Here we evaluate the cognitive abilities of middle-aged adults with and without a history of PAE.
Participants (N = 200) were recruited from longitudinal cohorts in the Atlanta and Seattle metropolitan areas and completed measures comprising the National Institutes of Health Toolbox's Fluid Cognition Composite.
We found that individuals with PAE had lower Fluid Cognition Summary scores and lower Dimensional Change Card Sort and Flanker task subtest scores than non-PAE controls, after accounting for both potentially confounding demographic variables using propensity scores and the effects of study site. When we evaluated the effects of PAE with and without dysmorphic physical features, we found that middle-aged adults in both groups had lower fluid cognition scores than non-PAE controls. However, only the presence of PAE with dysmorphic features was associated with lower performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test and Flanker tasks.
While all participants with PAE had lower fluid cognition, those with PAE and dysmorphic features also exhibited specific deficits in their performance on measures of inhibition, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Thus, PAE is associated with ongoing cognitive deficits in middle adulthood, which can be observed most clearly among individuals with dysmorphic features.
产前酒精暴露（PAE）会影响儿童期和成年早期的认知。在此，我们评估有和没有PAE病史的中年成年人的认知能力。
从亚特兰大和西雅图大都市区的纵向队列中招募参与者（N = 200），并完成包括美国国立卫生研究院工具箱流体认知综合测试在内的各项测评。
在使用倾向得分控制了潜在混杂人口统计学变量和研究地点的影响后，我们发现，与无PAE对照组相比，有PAE的个体流体认知综合得分较低，维度变化卡片分类测试和侧翼任务子测试得分也较低。当我们评估有无身体畸形特征的PAE的影响时，我们发现两组中年成年人的流体认知得分均低于无PAE对照组。然而，只有存在畸形特征的PAE与维度变化卡片分类测试和侧翼任务的较低表现相关。
虽然所有有PAE的参与者流体认知能力较低，但有PAE且有畸形特征的参与者在抑制、注意力和认知灵活性测量方面的表现也存在特定缺陷。因此，PAE与中年期持续存在的认知缺陷有关，这在有畸形特征的个体中最为明显。
