对爱达荷州西南部拉丁裔农场工人尿液中农药浓度、保护行为和风险认知的检查。
Examination of urinary pesticide concentrations, protective behaviors, and risk perceptions among Latino and Latina farmworkers in Southwestern Idaho.
机构信息
School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
出版信息
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2024 Jan;255:114275. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114275. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
INTRODUCTION
Studies have documented high levels of pesticide exposure among men farmworkers; however, few have examined exposures or the experiences of women farmworkers. Data gaps also exist regarding farmworkers' perceived risk and control related to pesticides, information that is critical to develop protective interventions.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to compare urinary pesticide biomarker concentrations between Latino and Latina farmworkers and examine associations with occupational characteristics, risk perceptions, perceived control, and protective behaviors.
METHODS
We enrolled a convenience sample of 62 farmworkers (30 men and 32 women) during the pesticide spray season from April-July 2022 in southwestern Idaho. Participants were asked to complete two visits within a seven-day period; at each visit, we collected a urine sample and administered a questionnaire assessing demographic and occupational information. Urine samples were composited and analyzed for 17 biomarkers of herbicides and of organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides.
RESULTS
Ten pesticide biomarkers (TCPy, MDA, PNP, 3-PBA, 4-F-3-PBA, cis- and trans-DCCA, 2,4-D, Glyphosate, AMPA) were detected in >80% of samples. Men and women had similar urinary biomarker concentrations (p = 0.19-0.94); however, women worked significantly fewer hours than men (p = 0.01), wore similar or greater levels of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and were slightly more likely to report having experienced an Acute Pesticide Poisoning (26% of women vs. 14% of men; p = 0.25). We observed inconsistencies in risk perceptions, perceived control, and protective behaviors among men.
DISCUSSION
Our study is one the first to examine pesticide exposure and risk perceptions among a cohort of farmworkers balanced on gender. Taken with previous findings, our results suggest that factors such as job tasks, biological susceptibility, or access to trainings and protective equipment might uniquely impact women farmworkers' exposure and/or vulnerability to pesticides. Women represent an increasing proportion of the agricultural workforce, and larger studies are needed to disentangle these findings.
简介
研究记录了男性农场工人接触大量农药；然而，很少有研究检查过女性农场工人的接触情况或经历。关于农场工人对农药的感知风险和控制措施，也存在数据空白，而这些信息对于制定保护干预措施至关重要。
目的
我们旨在比较拉丁裔农场男女工人的尿中农药生物标志物浓度，并研究其与职业特征、风险认知、感知控制和保护行为的关联。
方法
我们于 2022 年 4 月至 7 月在爱达荷州西南部的农药喷洒季节，便利地招募了 62 名（30 名男性和 32 名女性）农场工人。要求参与者在七天内完成两次访问；每次访问时，我们采集尿液样本并进行问卷调查，以评估人口统计学和职业信息。尿液样本被混合并分析了 17 种除草剂和有机磷（OP）和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的生物标志物。
结果
十种农药生物标志物（TCPy、MDA、PNP、3-PBA、4-F-3-PBA、顺式和反式 DCCA、2,4-D、草甘膦、AMPA）在>80%的样本中被检测到。男性和女性的尿液生物标志物浓度相似（p 值为 0.19-0.94）；然而，女性的工作时间明显少于男性（p = 0.01），佩戴相似或更多的个人防护设备（PPE），并且更有可能报告经历过急性农药中毒（26%的女性 vs. 14%的男性；p = 0.25）。我们观察到男性在风险认知、感知控制和保护行为方面存在不一致性。
讨论
我们的研究是首次在性别平衡的农场工人队列中检查农药暴露和风险认知。结合以前的发现，我们的结果表明，工作任务、生物易感性或获得培训和防护设备的机会等因素可能会独特地影响女性农场工人的暴露程度和/或对农药的脆弱性。女性在农业劳动力中的比例不断增加，因此需要进行更大规模的研究来厘清这些发现。
Zotero 插件