Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Environ Res. 2024 Jan 1;240(Pt 2):117435. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117435. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
Neonatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure can disrupt hormonal homeostasis and induce neuro- and immunotoxicity in children. In this exploratory study, we investigated associations between PFAS levels in neonatal dried blood spots and retinoblastoma risk.
This study included 501 retinoblastoma cases born from 1983 to 2011 and 899 controls frequency-matched by birth year (20:1 matching ratio), born to 755 US-born and 366 Mexico-born mothers in California. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) feature intensities were identified from neonatal blood spots from California newborn Genetic Disease Screening Program. Using logistic regression, we assessed whether an interquartile range (IQR) increase of PFAS levels or having above-mean levels of PFAS in blood affects retinoblastoma risk overall or its subtypes (i.e., unilateral, bilateral). We assessed children of US-born and Mexico-born mothers, separately.
Among all children, above-mean PFOS levels at birth increased the odds of retinoblastoma overall by 29% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00, 1.67) and unilateral retinoblastoma by 42% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.97). For children of Mexico-born mothers, we estimated the highest odds of retinoblastoma overall (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.66) and bilateral retinoblastoma (aOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.92) with above-mean PFOS levels. Among children of US-born mothers, higher PFOS levels increased the odds of unilateral retinoblastoma by 15% (95% CI: 0.99, 1.35) for each IQR increase and by 71% among children with above-mean PFOS levels (95% CI: 1.04, 2.90). In addition, for children of US-born mothers, PFOA increased the odds of retinoblastoma overall (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.02 for above-mean levels, aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.16 per IQR increase). PFNA was not associated with retinoblastoma risk.
Our results suggested that PFOS and PFOA might contribute to retinoblastoma risk in children born in California.
新生儿的全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)暴露会破坏儿童的荷尔蒙平衡,并引发神经和免疫毒性。在这项探索性研究中,我们研究了新生儿干血斑中 PFAS 水平与视网膜母细胞瘤风险之间的关联。
本研究包括 501 例 1983 年至 2011 年出生的视网膜母细胞瘤病例和 899 例按出生年份(20:1 匹配比例)匹配的对照组,这些病例均来自加利福尼亚的 755 名美国出生和 366 名墨西哥出生的母亲。从加利福尼亚新生儿遗传疾病筛查计划中的新生儿血斑中鉴定出全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟壬酸(PFNA)的特征强度。我们使用逻辑回归评估了 PFAS 水平的四分位距(IQR)增加或血液中 PFAS 水平高于平均值是否会整体或其亚型(单侧、双侧)影响视网膜母细胞瘤的风险。我们分别评估了美国出生和墨西哥出生母亲的儿童。
在所有儿童中,出生时高于平均值的 PFOS 水平使整体视网膜母细胞瘤的发病几率增加了 29%(95%置信区间(CI):1.00,1.67),单侧视网膜母细胞瘤的发病几率增加了 42%(95% CI:1.03,1.97)。对于墨西哥出生母亲的儿童,我们估计整体视网膜母细胞瘤的发病几率最高(调整后的优势比(aOR):1.67;95% CI:1.06,2.66)和双侧视网膜母细胞瘤(aOR:2.06;95% CI:1.12,3.92)与高于平均值的 PFOS 水平有关。在美国出生母亲的儿童中,较高的 PFOS 水平使单侧视网膜母细胞瘤的发病几率每增加一个 IQR 增加 15%(95% CI:0.99,1.35),而高于平均值的 PFOS 水平的儿童增加 71%(95% CI:1.04,2.90)。此外,对于美国出生母亲的儿童,PFOA 使整体视网膜母细胞瘤的发病几率增加(高于平均值时的 aOR:1.41;95% CI:1.00,2.02,每个 IQR 增加时的 aOR:1.06;95% CI:0.98,1.16)。PFNA 与视网膜母细胞瘤风险无关。
我们的研究结果表明,PFOS 和 PFOA 可能导致加利福尼亚出生的儿童患视网膜母细胞瘤。