Placement of ureteral stents by antegrade and retrograde techniques.

In summary, ureteral stenting is an established urologic and radiologic procedure. The percutaneous antegrade approach performed by the radiologist and the retrograde route employed by the urologist have gained acceptance as valuable adjuncts in the management of patients with ureteral obstruction due to malignancy. Stents are widely used following ureteral surgery and percutaneous manipulations. They provide a route for urinary drainage while maintaining adequate ureteral caliber, so that healing of damaged ureters can take place.