Frank Steven A
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA.
Evol Med Public Health. 2023 Oct 5;11(1):348-352. doi: 10.1093/emph/eoad033. eCollection 2023.
Danger requires a strong rapid response. Speedy triggers are prone to false signals. False alarms can be costly, requiring strong negative regulators to oppose the initial triggers. Strongly opposed forces can easily be perturbed, leading to imbalance and disease. For example, immunity and fear response balance strong rapid triggers against widespread slow negative regulators. Diseases of immunity and behavior arise from imbalance. A different opposition of forces occurs in mammalian growth, which balances strong paternally expressed accelerators against maternally expressed suppressors. Diseases of overgrowth or undergrowth arise from imbalance. Other examples of opposing forces and disease include control of dopamine expression and male versus female favored traits.
危险需要迅速有力的反应。快速触发因素容易产生错误信号。错误警报可能代价高昂，需要强大的负调节因子来对抗初始触发因素。强烈对抗的力量很容易受到干扰，导致失衡和疾病。例如，免疫和恐惧反应平衡了强烈的快速触发因素与广泛存在的缓慢负调节因子。免疫和行为疾病源于失衡。在哺乳动物生长过程中会出现不同的力量对抗，即父系表达的促进因子与母系表达的抑制因子之间的平衡。生长过度或生长不足的疾病源于失衡。其他力量对抗和疾病的例子包括多巴胺表达的控制以及雄性与雌性偏好特征。
