Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Oct 6;14:1252554. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252554. eCollection 2023.
The preventive situation of parasitosis, a global public health burden especially for developing countries, is not looking that good. Similar to other infections, vaccines would be the best choice for preventing and controlling parasitic infection. However, ideal antigenic molecules for vaccine development have not been identified so far, resulting from the complicated life history and enormous genomes of the parasites. Furthermore, the suppression or down-regulation of anti-infectious immunity mediated by the parasites or their derived molecules can compromise the effect of parasitic vaccines. Comparing the early immune profiles of several parasites in the permissive and non-permissive hosts, a robust innate immune response is proposed to be a critical event to eliminate the parasites. Therefore, enhancing innate immunity may be essential for designing novel and effective parasitic vaccines. The newly emerging trained immunity (also termed innate immune memory) has been increasingly recognized to provide a novel perspective for vaccine development targeting innate immunity. This article reviews the current status of parasitic vaccines and anti-infectious immunity, as well as the conception, characteristics, and mechanisms of trained immunity and its research progress in Parasitology, highlighting the possible consideration of trained immunity in designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases.
寄生虫病的防控形势不容乐观，寄生虫病是全球公共卫生的负担，尤其在发展中国家更为严重。与其他感染病一样，疫苗是预防和控制寄生虫感染的最佳选择。然而，到目前为止，尚未发现理想的疫苗抗原分子，这是由于寄生虫复杂的生活史和庞大的基因组所致。此外，寄生虫或其衍生分子对抗感染免疫的抑制或下调，可能会影响寄生虫疫苗的效果。通过比较几种在允许和不允许的宿主中寄生虫的早期免疫特征，提出了强大的固有免疫反应是消除寄生虫的关键事件。因此，增强固有免疫可能是设计新型有效寄生虫疫苗的关键。新出现的训练免疫（也称为固有免疫记忆）越来越被认为为针对固有免疫的疫苗设计提供了新的视角。本文综述了寄生虫疫苗和抗感染免疫的现状，以及训练免疫的概念、特征和机制及其在寄生虫学中的研究进展，强调了在设计新型寄生虫病疫苗时考虑训练免疫的可能性。
