de Lenne Orpha, Vandenbosch Laura, Smits Tim, Eggermont Steven
School for Mass Communication Research (SMCR), Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
School for Mass Communication Research (SMCR), Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Body Image. 2023 Dec;47:101640. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101640. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
Current literature on non-idealized models seems to offer mixed evidence on whether such models generate a positive body image and increase advertising effectiveness. To closely investigate this claim, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the empirical findings on the effects of non-idealized models on body image, well-being, and advertising outcomes among men and women. To contextualize these results, we also synthesized (1) the conceptualization of a non-idealized body size (i.e., labelling and operationalization), (2) the message accompanying the model (i.e., medium type and marketing intent), and (3) individual traits of participants tested as potential moderators. Three databases in different disciplines (i.e., ProQuest Psychology, Communication and Mass Media Complete, and Web of Science) were searched, and 86 unique studies were included in the review. While most studies found positive or null effects of non-idealized models on body image, well-being, and advertising outcomes, a small number of studies obtained negative results. These inconsistent findings could be explained by the large variety of labels and unclear operationalizations identified within our review. The conclusions of this review call for a clearer definition and measurement of non-idealized models.
当前关于非理想化模特的文献似乎在这类模特是否能产生积极的身体形象并提高广告效果方面提供了喜忧参半的证据。为了深入研究这一说法，我们进行了一项系统综述，以总结关于非理想化模特对男性和女性的身体形象、幸福感及广告效果影响的实证研究结果。为了将这些结果置于具体情境中，我们还综合了以下内容：（1）非理想化体型的概念界定（即标签和操作化），（2）模特所传达的信息（即媒介类型和营销意图），以及（3）作为潜在调节变量进行测试的参与者的个体特征。我们检索了三个不同学科的数据库（即ProQuest心理学数据库、通信与大众传媒全文数据库以及科学引文索引数据库），该综述纳入了86项独立研究。虽然大多数研究发现非理想化模特对身体形象、幸福感及广告效果有积极或无影响，但少数研究得出了负面结果。我们的综述中发现的标签种类繁多以及操作化不明确，可能解释了这些不一致的研究结果。本综述的结论呼吁对非理想化模特进行更清晰的定义和衡量。
