Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Redox Biol. 2023 Nov;67:102926. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102926. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) pump protons to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives OXPHOS. Complex I is an electron entry point into the ETC. Complex I oxidizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and transfers electrons to ubiquinone in a reaction coupled with proton pumping. Complex I also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under various conditions. The enzymatic activities of complex I can be regulated by metabolic conditions and serves as a regulatory node of the ETC. Complex I ROS plays diverse roles in cell metabolism ranging from physiologic to pathologic conditions. Progress in our understanding indicates that ROS release from complex I serves important signaling functions. Increasing evidence suggests that complex I ROS is important in signaling a mismatch in energy production and demand. In this article, we review the role of ROS from complex I in sensing acute hypoxia.
线粒体是细胞能量的主要来源。氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）是有氧呼吸的主要过程。电子传递链（ETC）的酶复合物将质子泵出以产生质子动力势（Δp），从而驱动 OXPHOS。复合物 I 是电子进入 ETC 的入口点。复合物 I 将烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）氧化，并在与质子泵出偶联的反应中将电子转移给泛醌。复合物 I 在各种条件下还会产生活性氧物质（ROS）。在代谢条件下，复合物 I 的酶活性可以被调节，并且作为 ETC 的调节节点。复合物 I ROS 在细胞代谢中发挥着从生理到病理条件的多种作用。研究的进展表明，复合物 I 的 ROS 释放具有重要的信号功能。越来越多的证据表明，复合物 I ROS 对于感应能量产生和需求之间的不匹配很重要。在本文中，我们综述了 ROS 从复合物 I 中释放出来在感知急性缺氧中的作用。
