疫苗接种态度量表（VAX）：青少年样本（15-24 岁）中的双因素- ESEM 方法。

Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale: a Bifactor-ESEM approach in a youth sample (15-24 years).

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 2, Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia.

出版信息

BMC Psychol. 2023 Oct 23;11(1):351. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01388-9.

DOI:10.1186/s40359-023-01388-9

PMID:37872642

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10594745/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale is a widely used scale designed to measure general attitudes toward vaccinations. However, evidence for the VAX's structural, convergent, and discriminant validity is still limited, especially in youth samples.

METHODS

The present study examined the psychometric multidimensionality and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the VAX using the bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling approach (bifactor-ESEM). Using a sample of 803 Serbian adolescents and young adults (M = 18.23, SD = 2.66, age range = 15-24 years, 59.2% female), we contrasted the original four-factor model of the VAX with alternative solutions (ESEM, bifactor-CFA, and bifactor-ESEM), and investigated associations between vaccination attitudes and a variety of external criteria.

RESULTS

The results supported the bifactor-ESEM solution with one general factor of vaccination attitudes and four specific factors (Mistrust of vaccine benefit, Worries about unforeseen future effects, Concerns about commercial profiteering, and Preference for natural immunity) as the best representation of the data. The general factor was well-defined, and three specific factors showed good validity and specificity after the general factor was taken into account. The results of convergent validity analyses showed that the general factor of vaccine attitudes and one specific factor (Mistrust of vaccine benefit) were good predictors of vaccine conspiracy beliefs, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, and trust in healthcare. The remaining three specific factors' contributions to external criteria were generally weak and nonsignificant. Evidence of the discriminant validity of the VAX scores was supported by weak positive associations of the general factor with medical fears and paranoid worry.

CONCLUSIONS

The present findings indicate that distinguishing general and specific components of vaccination attitudes offers a more nuanced assessment and understanding of vaccination attitudes.

摘要

背景

疫苗态度量表（VAX）是一种广泛用于测量对疫苗接种总体态度的量表。然而，VAX 的结构、聚合和判别效度的证据仍然有限，尤其是在青年样本中。

方法

本研究采用双因素探索性结构方程模型（bifactor-ESEM）方法，检验了 VAX 的心理测量多维性以及聚合和判别效度的证据。我们使用了 803 名塞尔维亚青少年和年轻人的样本（M=18.23，SD=2.66，年龄范围为 15-24 岁，女性占 59.2%），与 VAX 的原始四因素模型相比，我们对比了替代方案（ESEM、双因素 CFA 和双因素 ESEM），并研究了疫苗接种态度与多种外部标准之间的关联。

结果

结果支持双因素 ESEM 解决方案，即疫苗接种态度的一个一般因素和四个特定因素（对疫苗益处的不信任、对未来不可预见影响的担忧、对商业利润的关注、对自然免疫力的偏好）是数据的最佳表示。一般因素定义明确，在考虑一般因素后，三个特定因素具有良好的有效性和特异性。聚合效度分析的结果表明，疫苗态度的一般因素和一个特定因素（对疫苗益处的不信任）是疫苗阴谋信仰、对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的态度、接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿和对医疗保健的信任的良好预测因子。其余三个特定因素对外部标准的贡献通常较弱且不显著。VAX 评分的判别效度证据得到了支持，一般因素与医学恐惧和偏执性担忧呈弱正相关。