Bratisl Lek Listy. 2023;124(11):821-826. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2023_126.
Some symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea decrease the quality of life in patients with heart failure. The effectiveness of self-management programs on management of chronic conditions was discussed. So, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-management program based on 5A model on fatigue and dyspnea in patients with heart failure.
In this clinical trial study, 60 patients with heart failure were included. The intervention group underwent self-management program based on 5A model and the control group received routine care. All the enrolled patients were evaluated once at baseline and once after 3 months using fatigue severity and Borg dyspnea scales. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by descriptive statistics and independent t-test, covariance test, and paired sample t- test. The significance level was set at 0.05.
There was no significant difference in the mean scores of fatigue and dyspnea at the beginning of the study between control and intervention groups (p > 0.05), but 3 months after intervention a significant difference was found in mean scores of fatigue and dyspnea between two groups, (p < 0.05). The difference between pre- and post-intervention scores in terms of the dyspnea and fatigue variables was significant based on the result of paired sample t-test (p < 0.05).
According to the results of this study, self-management program based on 5A Model can be used to reduce the severity of fatigue and dyspnea as well as improve the quality of life in patients with heart failure (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 33).
一些症状，如疲劳和呼吸困难，会降低心力衰竭患者的生活质量。已经讨论了自我管理计划对慢性病管理的有效性。因此，本研究旨在探讨基于 5A 模型的自我管理计划对心力衰竭患者疲劳和呼吸困难的有效性。
在这项临床试验研究中，纳入了 60 名心力衰竭患者。干预组接受基于 5A 模型的自我管理计划，对照组接受常规护理。所有纳入的患者在基线时和 3 个月后各评估一次，使用疲劳严重程度和 Borg 呼吸困难量表进行评估。使用 SPSS 软件版本 16 通过描述性统计、独立 t 检验、协方差检验和配对样本 t 检验对获得的数据进行分析。显著性水平设为 0.05。
在研究开始时，对照组和干预组的疲劳和呼吸困难的平均评分无显著差异（p > 0.05），但干预 3 个月后，两组的疲劳和呼吸困难的平均评分有显著差异（p < 0.05）。根据配对样本 t 检验的结果，呼吸困难和疲劳变量的干预前后评分差异具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。
根据本研究的结果，基于 5A 模型的自我管理计划可用于减轻心力衰竭患者的疲劳和呼吸困难严重程度，提高生活质量（表 4，图 1，参考文献 33）。
