吸烟者对吸烟危害原因的认识及其相关信念和行为之间的关联：来自国际烟草控制（ITC）四个国家吸烟和电子烟调查的结果。
Associations between smokers' knowledge of causes of smoking harm and related beliefs and behaviors: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.
机构信息
Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 24;18(10):e0292856. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292856. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Most smokers know that smoking is harmful to health, but less is known about their understanding of what causes the harms. The primary aim was to examine smokers' perceptions of the relative contributions to smoking-related morbidity from combustion products, nicotine, other substances present in unburned tobacco, and additives. A secondary aim was to evaluate the association of these perceptions with nicotine vaping product use intentions, and quitting motivation/intentions.
METHODS
Participants were current smokers and recent ex-smokers from Australia, Canada, England and the United States (N = 12,904, including 8511 daily smokers), surveyed in the 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Respondents reported on how much they thought combustion products, nicotine, chemicals in the tobacco and additives in cigarettes contribute to smoking-related morbidity (none/very little; some but less than half; around half; more than half; all or nearly all of it; don't know).
RESULTS
Overall, 4% of participants provided estimates for all four component causes that fell within the ranges classified correct, with younger respondents and those from England most likely to be correct. Respondents who rated combustion as clearly more important than nicotine in causing harm (25%) were the least likely to be smoking daily and more likely to have quit and/or to be vaping. Among daily smokers, all four cause estimates were independently related to overall health worry and extent of wanting to quit, but the relative rating of combustion compared to nicotine did not add to prediction. Those who answered 'don't know' to the sources of harm questions and those suggesting very little harm were consistently least interested in quitting.
CONCLUSIONS
Most smokers' knowledge of specific causes of harm is currently inadequate and could impact their informed decision-making ability.
背景
大多数吸烟者都知道吸烟有害健康，但对导致危害的原因了解较少。主要目的是检查吸烟者对吸烟相关发病率的相对贡献的看法，这些贡献来自燃烧产物、尼古丁、未燃烧烟草中的其他物质以及添加剂。次要目的是评估这些看法与尼古丁蒸气产品使用意图以及戒烟动机/意图的关联。
方法
参与者为来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的当前吸烟者和最近戒烟者（包括 8511 名每日吸烟者），他们参加了 2018 年国际烟草控制四国吸烟和蒸气调查。受访者报告了他们认为燃烧产物、尼古丁、烟草中的化学物质和香烟添加剂对吸烟相关发病率的影响程度（没有/很少；有些但不到一半；大约一半；超过一半；全部或几乎全部；不知道）。
结果
总体而言，4%的参与者提供的所有四个组成部分的估计值都在正确分类的范围内，年龄较小的受访者和来自英国的受访者最有可能正确估计。将燃烧作用评价为比尼古丁更重要的导致危害的因素（25%）的受访者最不可能每日吸烟，更有可能已经戒烟和/或正在蒸气吸烟。在每日吸烟者中，所有四个原因的估计值都与整体健康担忧程度和戒烟的强烈程度独立相关，但燃烧作用与尼古丁的相对评价并没有增加预测能力。那些对危害来源问题回答“不知道”以及那些认为危害很小的人，始终最不感兴趣戒烟。
结论
大多数吸烟者对具体危害原因的了解目前不足，这可能会影响他们做出明智决策的能力。
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