Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Anal Chem. 2023 Nov 7;95(44):16029-16048. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞间通讯的重要介质，可以根据其物理性质、生物分子结构和来源进行分类。在 EVs 中，由于其作为治疗和诊断工具的潜力，外泌体受到了极大的关注。外泌体通过质膜上多泡体的融合释放，可以使用差速超速离心、免疫亲和捕获、超滤和分子筛等方法从各种生物流体中分离出来。本文概述了不同的外泌体表征和分离技术，以及外泌体检测的多种应用，包括其在药物传递和疾病诊断中的潜在应用。此外，我们还讨论了传感器检测外泌体这一新兴领域，为即时诊断工具的开发提供了一个新的途径。总的来说，本综述旨在全面而详尽地总结外泌体研究的现状。
