Andrade Fernanda Moreira, Sales Lara, Favaris Arodí P, Bento José Maurício Simões, Mithöfer Axel, Peñaflor Maria Fernanda G V
Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, Brazil.
'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
J Chem Ecol. 2023 Dec;49(11-12):696-709. doi: 10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
Co-infestations by herbivores, a common situation found in natural settings, can distinctly affect induced plant defenses compared to single infestations. Related tritrophic interactions might be affected through the emission of changed blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In a previous study, we observed that the infestation by red spider mite (Oligonychus ilicis) on coffee plants facilitated the infestation by white mealybug (Planococcus minor), whereas the reverse sequence of infestation did not occur. Here, we examined the involvement of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways in the plant-mediated asymmetrical facilitation between red spider mites and white mealybugs as well as the effect of multiple herbivory on attractiveness to the predatory mite Euseius concordis and the ladybug Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Both mite and mealybug herbivory led to the accumulation of JA-Ile, JA, and cis-OPDA in plants, although the catabolic reactions of JA-Ile were specifically regulated by each herbivore. Infestation by mites or mealybugs induced the release of novel volatiles by coffee plants, which selectively attracted their respective predators. Even though the co-infestation by mites and mealybugs resulted in a stronger accumulation of JA-Ile, JA and SA than the single infestation treatments, the volatile emission was similar to that of mite-infested or mealybug-infested plants. However, multiple infestation had a negative impact on the attractiveness of HIPVs to the predators, making them less attractive to the predatory mite and a repellent to the ladybug. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of the susceptibility induced by mites, and the effect of multiple infestation on each predator.
食草动物的共同侵染是自然环境中常见的情况，与单一侵染相比，它能显著影响植物的诱导防御。相关的三级营养相互作用可能会通过食草动物诱导的植物挥发物（HIPVs）混合成分的变化排放而受到影响。在之前的一项研究中，我们观察到咖啡植株上红蜘蛛螨（柑橘全爪螨）的侵染促进了粉蚧（柑桔粉蚧）的侵染，而相反的侵染顺序则不会发生。在这里，我们研究了茉莉酸和水杨酸途径在红蜘蛛螨和粉蚧之间由植物介导的不对称促进作用中的作用，以及多重食草作用对捕食螨（康氏钝绥螨）和瓢虫（孟氏隐唇瓢虫）吸引力的影响。螨类和粉蚧的取食都导致了植物中茉莉酸异亮氨酸、茉莉酸和顺式OPDA的积累，尽管茉莉酸异亮氨酸的分解代谢反应受到每种食草动物的特异性调节。螨类或粉蚧的侵染诱导咖啡植株释放新的挥发物，这些挥发物选择性地吸引它们各自的捕食者。尽管螨类和粉蚧的共同侵染导致茉莉酸异亮氨酸、茉莉酸和水杨酸的积累比单一侵染处理更强，但挥发物排放与螨类侵染或粉蚧侵染的植株相似。然而，多重侵染对HIPVs对捕食者的吸引力有负面影响，使它们对捕食螨的吸引力降低，对瓢虫产生驱避作用。我们讨论了螨类诱导易感性的潜在潜在机制，以及多重侵染对每种捕食者的影响。
