Augustyniak Mateusz, Kołacka Kalina, Kobak Jarosław, Hliwa Piotr, Kłosiński Piotr, Poznańska-Kakareko Małgorzata, Jermacz Łukasz, Kakareko Tomasz
Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
Curr Zool. 2022 Oct 12;69(6):727-737. doi: 10.1093/cz/zoac082. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Globally, fish are frequently introduced beyond their native range. Some, like Ponto-Caspian gobies, are becoming invasive, achieving high colonization rates and constituting frequent prey for native predators. However, little is known about the effectiveness of antipredator behaviors of the invaders, which may shape their role in the invaded community and contribute to the invasion success. We compared antipredator behaviors of invasive gobies and native fish species after their detection by the predator, when the danger becomes direct. We studied 2 fish pairs, each consisting of an invasive and native species co-occurring in the environment and belonging to the same prey guild: (1) the racer goby versus European bullhead , (2) the monkey goby versus gudgeon , facing a naïve predator (the Eurasian perch ). We analyzed behaviors of single prey individuals (escaping, staying in shelter, and activity) and single predators (activity, searching, following, capturing, and latency to prey consumption). In the predator presence, the bullhead was less active and more often managed to escape after capture than the racer goby. The gudgeon escaped before the capture more often than the monkey goby. The predator succeeded later with the bullhead compared to racer goby, whereas no differences in ingestion time occurred between the gudgeon and monkey goby. The results suggest that, in terms of hunting effort of native predators, the invasive gobies are equivalent to or more profitable prey than their native analogs, which can facilitate the integration of the gobies into local food webs.
在全球范围内，鱼类经常被引入到其原生范围之外。一些鱼类，如里海-黑海的虾虎鱼，正变得具有入侵性，实现了高定殖率，并成为本地捕食者的常见猎物。然而，对于入侵者的反捕食行为的有效性知之甚少，这种行为可能塑造它们在入侵群落中的角色，并促成入侵的成功。我们比较了入侵虾虎鱼和本地鱼类在被捕食者发现后的反捕食行为，此时危险变得直接。我们研究了2对鱼类，每对都由在环境中共同出现且属于同一猎物类群的一种入侵物种和一种本地物种组成：(1) 圆口虾虎鱼与欧洲杜父鱼，(2) 猴面虾虎鱼与 gudgeon（ gudgeon 未找到准确中文译名，可保留原名），面对一种未接触过这些猎物的捕食者（欧亚鲈）。我们分析了单个猎物个体的行为（逃跑、躲在庇护所和活动）以及单个捕食者的行为（活动、搜索、跟踪、捕获和捕食潜伏期）。在有捕食者存在的情况下，杜父鱼比圆口虾虎鱼活动更少，并且在被捕后更常成功逃脱。gudgeon 比猴面虾虎鱼更常在被捕前逃脱。与圆口虾虎鱼相比，捕食者捕食杜父鱼的时间更晚，而 gudgeon 和猴面虾虎鱼在捕食时间上没有差异。结果表明，就本地捕食者的捕猎努力而言，入侵虾虎鱼作为猎物与它们的本地同类相当或更有利可图，这可能有助于虾虎鱼融入当地食物网。
