Haubrock Phillip J, Balzani Paride, Britton J Robert, Haase Peter
Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 10;10(1):21576. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78328-9.
Invasive non-native species have pervasive impacts on native biodiversity, including population extirpations and species extinctions. Identifying reasons why a population of a native species is extirpated following an invasion often relies on literature-based results of anecdotal observations. The well-established schemes of existing risk assessments for invasive species assume that a species' information (e.g. impacts or behavioural and biological traits) can be projected from one area to another to estimate the potential impact of a species in another environment. We used stable isotope data (δC, δN) from both invaded and uninvaded communities to predict such invasion impacts by reconstructing trophic relationships. This approach was tested on a community within a protected lake in Northern Spain where, following the introductions of non-native species, the last resident native species (the common tench Tinca tinca, the European eel Anguilla anguilla, and the whirligig beetle Gyrinus sp.) had been extirpated. Through the application of this novel approach, we found evidence that native species' declines were related to direct predation by and resource overlap with non-native species, which occurred in conjunction with habitat modification. Using this approach, we outlined the mechanisms involved in the extirpation of native species in the post-invasion period. To compensate for losses of native species induced by invasions of non-native species, native species reintroductions might be an appropriate tool. For this, we further suggested and discussed a novel approach that predicts the outcome of arising interactions by superimposing stable isotope data from alternative sources to better estimate the success of native species´ reintroductions.
入侵性非本地物种对本地生物多样性具有广泛影响，包括种群灭绝和物种灭绝。确定本地物种种群在入侵后灭绝的原因通常依赖于基于文献的轶事观察结果。现有的入侵物种风险评估既定方案假定，一个物种的信息（例如影响或行为及生物学特征）可以从一个地区推广到另一个地区，以估计该物种在另一个环境中的潜在影响。我们利用来自已入侵和未入侵群落的稳定同位素数据（δC、δN），通过重建营养关系来预测此类入侵影响。这种方法在西班牙北部一个受保护湖泊中的群落上进行了测试，在引入非本地物种后，该群落中最后的本地常驻物种（鲤鱼Tinca tinca、欧洲鳗鲡Anguilla anguilla和豉甲Gyrinus sp.）已经灭绝。通过应用这种新方法，我们发现有证据表明本地物种的减少与非本地物种的直接捕食和资源重叠有关，这与栖息地改变同时发生。利用这种方法，我们概述了入侵后时期本地物种灭绝所涉及的机制。为了弥补非本地物种入侵导致的本地物种损失，重新引入本地物种可能是一种合适的手段。为此，我们进一步提出并讨论了一种新方法，即通过叠加来自其他来源的稳定同位素数据来预测产生的相互作用结果，以便更好地估计本地物种重新引入的成功率。
