Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italia.
École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2024 Sep;77(9):1813-1823. doi: 10.1177/17470218231211905. Epub 2023 Nov 25.
Despite human accuracy in perceiving time, many factors can modulate the subjective experience of time. For example, it is widely reported that emotion can expand or shrink our perception of time and that temporal intervals are perceived as longer when marked by auditory stimuli than by visual stimuli. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether the influence of emotion on time perception can be altered by the order in which emotional stimuli are presented and the sensory modality in which they are presented. Participants were asked to complete a time bisection task in which emotional stimuli were presented either acoustically or visually, and either before or after interval to be estimated. We observed a main effect of modality (longer perceived duration and lower variability in the auditory than in the visual modality) as well as a main effect of emotion (temporal overestimation for negative stimuli compared to neutral). Importantly, the effects of modality and emotion interacted with the order of presentation of the emotional stimuli. In the visual condition, when emotional stimuli were presented the temporal intervals, participants overestimated time, but no differences between negative and neutral stimuli were observed when emotional stimuli were presented first. In the auditory condition, no significant effect of emotion on perceived duration was found. Results suggest that negative emotions affect our perception of durations acting at the decision-making stage rather than at the pacemaker one. No effect on time perception was observed for emotional auditory stimuli.
尽管人类在感知时间方面非常准确，但许多因素都可以调节时间的主观体验。例如，人们广泛报道，情绪可以扩展或缩小我们对时间的感知，并且当用听觉刺激标记时，时间间隔比用视觉刺激标记时感觉更长。在本研究中，我们旨在研究情绪对时间感知的影响是否可以通过呈现情绪刺激的顺序和呈现它们的感觉模态来改变。参与者被要求完成一个时间二分任务，其中情绪刺激以听觉或视觉方式呈现，并且在要估计的间隔之前或之后呈现。我们观察到模态的主要影响（在听觉模态中感知的持续时间更长，变异性更低）以及情绪的主要影响（与中性相比，负性刺激的时间高估）。重要的是，模态和情绪的影响与情绪刺激的呈现顺序相互作用。在视觉条件下，当情绪刺激呈现于时间间隔内时，参与者高估了时间，但当情绪刺激首先呈现时，没有观察到负性和中性刺激之间的差异。在听觉条件下，没有发现情绪对感知持续时间的显著影响。结果表明，负性情绪在决策阶段而不是在节拍器阶段影响我们对持续时间的感知。情绪听觉刺激对时间感知没有影响。
