Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2023 Dec;39(12):735-753. doi: 10.1177/07482337231209360. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming.
溴氰菊酯是最有效的拟除虫菊酯化合物之一，广泛应用于兽医、公共卫生和农业领域。溴氰菊酯引起的氧化应激对生物体造成了严重的伤害。该化合物的急性毒性已得到广泛研究，但关于其口服亚急性毒性的信息较少。本研究评估了雄性白化大鼠连续 14 天口服 0.874mg/kg（0.01LD）或 8.740mg/kg（0.10LD）溴氰菊酯对生物标志物的影响，并检测了亚急性溴氰菊酯处理后大鼠组织损伤情况。结果发现，与未处理组相比，脑、肾和肝组织中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶、血清中的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和尿酸、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、白细胞（WBC）、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞显著降低。然而，当大鼠连续 14 天用溴氰菊酯处理时，血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性以及脑、肾和肝组织中硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARs）水平、红细胞分布宽度（RDW-CV）、总蛋白、单核细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞以及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值均显著升高，这是全身炎症和全身免疫炎症指标的一个综合标记。连续 14 天接触亚急性溴氰菊酯的大鼠肝脏、肾脏、大脑、睾丸和表皮出现组织学病变，用 0.10LD 溴氰菊酯处理的大鼠大多数组织比用 0.01LD 处理的大鼠受影响更大。这些发现强烈表明，亚急性接触溴氰菊酯通过氧化应激导致生化和组织学变化，从而导致显著的全身毒性。这些发现突出了溴氰菊酯的潜在有害影响，强调了了解该化合物亚急性作用的重要性，特别是在兽医、公共卫生和农业领域。
