Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Science. 2023 Oct 27;382(6669):388-394. doi: 10.1126/science.adh8488. Epub 2023 Oct 26.
The hypothalamus ("hypo" meaning below, and "thalamus" meaning bed) consists of regulatory circuits that support basic life functions that ensure survival. Sitting at the interface between peripheral, environmental, and neural inputs, the hypothalamus integrates these sensory inputs to influence a range of physiologies and behaviors. Unlike the neocortex, in which a stereotyped cytoarchitecture mediates complex functions across a comparatively small number of neuronal fates, the hypothalamus comprises upwards of thousands of distinct cell types that form redundant yet functionally discrete circuits. With single-cell RNA sequencing studies revealing further cellular heterogeneity and modern photonic tools enabling high-resolution dissection of complex circuitry, a new era of hypothalamic mapping has begun. Here, we provide a general overview of mammalian hypothalamic organization, development, and connectivity to help welcome newcomers into this exciting field.
下丘脑（“hypo”意为下方，“thalamus”意为床）由调节回路组成，这些回路支持确保生存的基本生命功能。下丘脑位于外周、环境和神经输入的接口处，整合这些感觉输入以影响一系列生理和行为。与新皮层不同，新皮层中刻板的细胞结构介导相对较少神经元命运中的复杂功能，而下丘脑包含数千种不同的细胞类型，这些细胞类型形成冗余但功能离散的回路。单细胞 RNA 测序研究揭示了更多的细胞异质性，现代光子工具使复杂回路的高分辨率解剖成为可能，下丘脑图谱绘制的新时代已经开始。在这里，我们提供了哺乳动物下丘脑组织、发育和连接的概述，以帮助新成员进入这个令人兴奋的领域。
