Tembrock Luke R, Zink Frida A, Gilligan Todd M
Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Identification Technology Program, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
Insects. 2023 Sep 30;14(10):797. doi: 10.3390/insects14100797.
Insect viruses have been described from numerous lineages, yet patterns of genetic exchange and viral prevalence, which are essential to understanding host-virus coevolution, are rarely studied. In , the virus HzNV-2 can cause deformity of male and female genitalia, resulting in sterility. Using ddPCR, we found that male with malformed genitalia (agonadal) contained high levels of HzNV-2 DNA, confirming previous work. HzNV-2 was found to be prevalent throughout the United States, at more than twice the rate of the baculovirus HaSNPV, and that it contained several host-acquired DNA sequences. HzNV-2 possesses four recently endogenized lepidopteran genes and several more distantly related genes, including one gene with a bacteria-like sequence found in both host and virus. Among the recently acquired genes is cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT). In nearly all tested , cSHMT contained a 200 bp transposable element (TE) that was not found in cSHMT of the sister species . No other virus has been found with host cSHMT, and the study of this shared copy, including possible interactions, may yield new insights into the function of this gene with possible applications to insect biological control, and gene editing.
昆虫病毒已在众多谱系中被描述，但对于理解宿主 - 病毒共同进化至关重要的基因交换模式和病毒流行情况却很少被研究。在[具体内容缺失]中，HzNV - 2病毒可导致雄性和雌性生殖器畸形，从而导致不育。使用数字滴度PCR（ddPCR），我们发现生殖器畸形（无性腺）的雄性体内含有高水平的HzNV - 2 DNA，证实了先前的研究结果。研究发现HzNV - 2在美国广泛存在，其流行率是杆状病毒HaSNPV的两倍多，并且它包含几个宿主获得的DNA序列。HzNV - 2拥有四个最近内源性化的鳞翅目基因以及一些亲缘关系更远的基因，包括一个在宿主和病毒中都发现的具有类似细菌序列的基因。在最近获得的基因中有胞质丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶（cSHMT）。在几乎所有测试的[具体内容缺失]中，cSHMT包含一个200 bp的转座元件（TE），而在姐妹物种的cSHMT中未发现该元件。尚未发现其他病毒含有宿主的cSHMT，对这个共享拷贝的研究，包括可能的相互作用，可能会为该基因的功能带来新的见解，并可能应用于昆虫生物防治和基因编辑。
