Cénat Jude Mary, Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi, Broussard Cathy, Dalexis Rose Darly
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Vaccine. 2024 Feb 6;42(4):960-968. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.048. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
Black communities in Canada have been among the most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of number of infections and deaths. They are also among those most hesitant about vaccination against COVID-19. However, while a few studies have documented the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, those related to vaccine confidence remain unknown. To respond to this gap, this study aims to investigate factors associated to vaccine confidence in Black individuals in Canada.
A total of 2002 participants (1034 women) aged 14 to 89 years old (Mean age = 29.34, SD = 10.13) completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, COVID-19 vaccine confidence and need, health literacy, conspiracy beliefs, major racial discrimination, and traumatic stressors related to COVID-19.
Results showed an average score of COVID-19 vaccine confidence and need of 33.27 (SD = 7.24), with no significant difference between men (33.48; SD = 7.24) and women (33.08; SD = 7.91), t (1999) = 1.19, p = 0.234. However, there were significant differences according to employment status, migration status, age, inhabited province, spoken language, education, marital status, religion, and income. The linear regression model explained 25.8 % of the variance and showed that health literacy (B = 0.12, p < 0.001) and traumatic stressors related to COVID-19 (B = 0.21, p < .001) predicted COVID-19 vaccine confidence and need positively, while conspiracy beliefs (B = -1.14, p < 0.001) and major racial discrimination (B = -0.20, p = 0.044) predicted it negatively.
This study showed that building the confidence of Black communities in vaccines requires health education, elimination of racial discrimination in the Canadian society and a focus on certain groups (e.g., young people, those living in Quebec and Ontario). The results also argue in favor of involving community leaders and organizations in the development and implementation of vaccination-related tools, strategies and programs by city, provincial and federal public health agencies.
在加拿大，黑人社区受新冠疫情的影响最为严重，无论是感染人数还是死亡人数方面。他们也是对新冠疫苗接种最为犹豫的群体之一。然而，虽然有一些研究记录了与新冠疫苗犹豫相关的因素，但与疫苗信心相关的因素仍不明确。为了填补这一空白，本研究旨在调查加拿大黑人中与疫苗信心相关的因素。
共有2002名年龄在14至89岁之间（平均年龄=29.34，标准差=10.13）的参与者（1034名女性）完成了问卷调查，评估社会人口学信息、新冠疫苗信心和需求、健康素养、阴谋论信念、主要种族歧视以及与新冠相关的创伤应激源。
结果显示，新冠疫苗信心和需求的平均得分为33.27（标准差=7.24），男性（33.48；标准差=7.24）和女性（33.08；标准差=7.91）之间无显著差异，t(1999)=1.19，p=0.234。然而，根据就业状况、移民状况、年龄、居住省份、语言、教育程度、婚姻状况、宗教和收入存在显著差异。线性回归模型解释了25.8%的方差，结果表明，健康素养（B=0.12，p<0.001）和与新冠相关的创伤应激源（B=0.21，p<0.001）对新冠疫苗信心和需求有正向预测作用，而阴谋论信念（B=-1.14，p<0.001）和主要种族歧视（B=-0.20，p=0.044）对其有负向预测作用。
本研究表明，增强黑人社区对疫苗的信心需要开展健康教育、消除加拿大社会中的种族歧视，并关注某些群体（如年轻人、居住在魁北克省和安大略省的人）。研究结果还支持城市、省和联邦公共卫生机构让社区领袖和组织参与疫苗接种相关工具、策略和项目的开发与实施。
