Dalexis Rose Darly, Muray Mwali, Kibret Taddele Cherinet, Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian, Cénat Jude Mary
Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Vaccine. 2025 Jul 21;62:127498. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127498.
While disparities in COVID-19 vaccine confidence, mistrust, hesitancy, and uptake are well documented, the perception of vaccine efficacy remains understudied in Canada. This study investigates racial differences in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy perception and examines associated factors across Arab, Asian, Black, Indigenous, and White populations. A representative sample of 4220 participants (2358 women) aged 16 and older completed measures assessing perception of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, conspiracy beliefs, health literacy, and racial discrimination in healthcare settings. Data were collected through a randomly selected online panel in October 2023. The overall mean vaccine efficacy perception score was 17.1 (SD = 4.5), with significant variation across racial groups (F(6, 4213) = 8.0, p < .001). Asian participants (M = 18.4; SD = 3.1) reported higher scores compared to Arab (M = 17.0; SD = 4.3), Black (M = 17.2; SD = 4.3), Indigenous (M = 16.4; SD = 5.2), and White (M = 17.1; SD = 4.4) participants. The most important factors associated with vaccine efficacy perception were conspiracy beliefs (β = -0.32, p < .001), health literacy (β = 0.07, p < .001), and the number of vaccine doses in White individuals. Conspiracy beliefs (β = -0.19, p < .001), higher education (β = 0.28, p < .001), health literacy (β = 0.16, p < .001), more vaccine doses (β = 1.61, p < .001), and experiences of racial discrimination in healthcare prior to accounting for conspiracy beliefs (β = -0.10, p < .05) were the most important factors for racialized individuals. This study highlights significant differences in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy perceptions across racial groups. The findings underscore the impact of factors such as conspiracy beliefs, health literacy, education level, age, and racial discrimination in healthcare on vaccine efficacy perceptions. Public health strategies should address misinformation, prioritize health literacy, and promote anti-racist practices in healthcare to improve vaccine confidence and acceptance.
虽然新冠疫苗接种信心、不信任、犹豫和接种率方面的差异已有充分记录，但在加拿大，对疫苗效力的认知仍研究不足。本研究调查了新冠疫苗效力认知方面的种族差异，并考察了阿拉伯、亚洲、黑人、原住民和白人人群中的相关因素。4220名16岁及以上的代表性参与者（2358名女性）完成了评估新冠疫苗效力认知、阴谋论信念、健康素养以及医疗保健环境中种族歧视的测量。数据于2023年10月通过随机抽取的在线小组收集。疫苗效力认知总体平均得分是17.1（标准差=4.5），不同种族群体间存在显著差异（F(6, 4213)=8.0，p<.001）。与阿拉伯（M=17.0；标准差=4.3）、黑人（M=17.2；标准差=4.3）、原住民（M=16.4；标准差=5.2）和白人（M=17.1；标准差=4.4）参与者相比，亚洲参与者（M=18.4；标准差=3.1）报告的得分更高。与疫苗效力认知相关的最重要因素是阴谋论信念（β=-0.32，p<.001）、健康素养（β=0.07，p<.001）以及白人个体接种的疫苗剂量数。对于少数族裔个体而言，阴谋论信念（β=-0.19，p<.001）、高等教育（β=0.28，p<.001）、健康素养（β=0.16，p<.001）、更多的疫苗剂量（β=1.61，p<.001）以及在考虑阴谋论信念之前在医疗保健中遭受种族歧视的经历（β=-0.10，p<.05）是最重要的因素。本研究突出了不同种族群体在新冠疫苗效力认知方面的显著差异。研究结果强调了阴谋论信念、健康素养、教育水平、年龄以及医疗保健中的种族歧视等因素对疫苗效力认知的影响。公共卫生策略应解决错误信息问题，优先提高健康素养，并在医疗保健中推广反种族主义做法，以提高疫苗信心和接受度。
