School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 13;15(20):4362. doi: 10.3390/nu15204362.
Evidence suggests that low carbohydrate dietary (LCD) approaches can improve glycaemic control and may result in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to assess the effectiveness of technology-enabled LCD interventions in the management of people with prediabetes or T2DM. Data sources included Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Randomised (RCTs) or non-randomised (non-RCTs) controlled trials investigating the effect of technology-enabled LCDs (<130 g/day) or very low carbohydrate diets (VLCDs < 50 g/day) on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for at least three months and published in English between 2009 and 2023 were included. Risk of bias assessment, data extraction, and synthesis were conducted using standard tools and procedures. Six studies (two RCTs and four non-RCTs, total sample, = 1519) were identified and included in the SLR. Two studies examining LCDs reported significant reductions in mean HbA1c (0.4% and -1.2%) and weight loss (-3.8 kg and -7.5 kg) at one year. Three studies examining VLCDs reported significant reductions in mean HbA1c (-0.8% to -1.3%) and weight loss (-12 kg to -14 kg) up to two years. Technology-enabled LCD or VLCD interventions can be a novel approach in helping people with prediabetes or T2DM self-manage their condition and possibly achieve remission. However, further research is required to determine the sustainability, effectiveness, and safety of this approach.
有证据表明，低碳水化合物膳食（LCD）方法可以改善血糖控制，并可能导致 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）缓解。本系统文献综述（SLR）旨在评估技术支持的 LCD 干预措施在管理糖尿病前期或 T2DM 患者方面的有效性。数据来源包括 Medline、Embase、CINAHL 和 Web of Science。随机对照试验（RCTs）或非随机对照试验（非 RCTs）纳入了至少三个月内研究技术支持的 LCD（<130 g/天）或极低碳水化合物饮食（VLCD<50 g/天）对糖化血红蛋白 A1c（HbA1c）影响的试验，且试验报告以英文发表，时间范围为 2009 年至 2023 年。使用标准工具和程序进行偏倚风险评估、数据提取和综合。共确定并纳入了 6 项研究（2 项 RCT 和 4 项非 RCT，总样本量为 1519 人）。两项研究报告了 LCD 治疗组在一年时的 HbA1c 平均值显著降低（0.4%和-1.2%）和体重减轻（-3.8 公斤和-7.5 公斤）。三项研究报告了 VLCD 治疗组在两年时的 HbA1c 平均值显著降低（-0.8%至-1.3%）和体重减轻（-12 公斤至-14 公斤）。技术支持的 LCD 或 VLCD 干预措施可能是帮助糖尿病前期或 T2DM 患者自我管理病情并可能实现缓解的新方法。然而，需要进一步研究来确定这种方法的可持续性、有效性和安全性。
