Morsczeck Christian, De Pellegrin Michela, Reck Anja, Reichert Torsten E
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Biomedicines. 2023 Oct 13;11(10):2787. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11102787.
When research on osteogenic differentiation in dental follicle cells (DFCs) began, projects focused on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The BMP pathway induces the transcription factor DLX3, whichh in turn induces the BMP signaling pathway via a positive feedback mechanism. However, this BMP2/DLX3 signaling pathway only seems to support the early phase of osteogenic differentiation, since simultaneous induction of BMP2 or DLX3 does not further promote differentiation. Recent data showed that inhibition of classical protein kinase C (PKCs) supports the mineralization of DFCs and that osteogenic differentiation is sensitive to changes in signaling pathways, such as protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT. Small changes in the lipidome seem to confirm the participation of AKT and PKC in osteogenic differentiation. In addition, metabolic processes, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, or glycolysis, are essential for the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. This review article attempts not only to bring the various factors into a coherent picture of osteogenic differentiation in DFCs, but also to relate them to recent developments in other types of osteogenic progenitor cells.
当对牙囊细胞（DFCs）成骨分化的研究开始时，项目主要集中在骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）信号传导上。BMP信号通路诱导转录因子DLX3，而DLX3又通过正反馈机制诱导BMP信号通路。然而，这种BMP2/DLX3信号通路似乎仅支持成骨分化的早期阶段，因为同时诱导BMP2或DLX3并不能进一步促进分化。最近的数据表明，抑制经典蛋白激酶C（PKCs）可促进DFCs的矿化，并且成骨分化对信号通路的变化敏感，例如蛋白激酶B（PKB），也称为AKT。脂质组的微小变化似乎证实了AKT和PKC参与成骨分化。此外，代谢过程，如脂肪酸生物合成、氧化磷酸化或糖酵解，对DFCs的成骨分化至关重要。这篇综述文章不仅试图将各种因素整合到DFCs成骨分化的连贯图景中，还试图将它们与其他类型成骨祖细胞的最新进展联系起来。
