Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Oct 20;59(10):1866. doi: 10.3390/medicina59101866.
The workplace represents a relevant source of stress for workers, being a risk factor for many mental disorders and psychological difficulties, including burn-out syndrome. Healthcare workers and other help-professions are particularly susceptible to work-related stress. The present systematic review aims to (1) identify available interventions for managing workplace-related stress symptoms; (2) assess their efficacy; and (3) discuss the current limitations of available interventions. A systematic review has been conducted, searching on PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases. Eighteen papers have been identified, which included different interventions for the management of work-related stress in healthcare professionals. These approaches can be grouped as follows: (1) interventions focusing on the individual level using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches; (2) interventions focusing on the individual level using relaxation techniques; and (3) interventions focusing on the organizational level. As regards interventions targeting the individual level using CBT approaches, mindfulness-based interventions were effective in reducing levels of burn-out, stress, and anxiety and in improving quality of life. As regards intervention using relaxation techniques, including art therapy, Emotional Freedom Techniques (ECT) and brief resilience retreats had a positive effect on the levels of anxiety, stress, and burnout. As regards interventions at the organizational level, we found no evidence for supporting its effectiveness in reducing the levels of burnout. Furthermore, available studies are heterogeneous in terms of assessment tools, target populations, and type of interventions, which limits the generalizability of findings.
工作场所是工人压力的一个重要来源，是许多精神障碍和心理困难的一个风险因素，包括 burnout 综合征。医疗保健工作者和其他帮助专业人员特别容易受到与工作相关的压力。本系统评价旨在：(1) 确定管理与工作相关的压力症状的现有干预措施；(2) 评估其疗效；(3) 讨论现有干预措施的当前局限性。进行了系统评价，在 PubMed、APA PsycInfo 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了搜索。确定了 18 篇论文，其中包括针对医疗保健专业人员管理与工作相关的压力的不同干预措施。这些方法可以分为以下几类：(1) 关注个体层面使用认知行为疗法 (CBT) 方法的干预措施；(2) 关注个体层面使用放松技术的干预措施；(3) 关注组织层面的干预措施。至于针对个体层面使用 CBT 方法的干预措施，基于正念的干预措施在降低 burnout、压力和焦虑水平以及提高生活质量方面是有效的。至于使用放松技术的干预措施，包括艺术治疗、情绪自由技术 (ECT) 和短暂的韧性撤退，对焦虑、压力和 burnout 水平有积极影响。至于组织层面的干预措施，我们没有发现证据支持其在降低 burnout 水平方面的有效性。此外，现有研究在评估工具、目标人群和干预类型方面存在异质性，限制了研究结果的普遍性。
