Savoia Paola, Azzimonti Barbara, Rolla Roberta, Zavattaro Elisa
Department of Health Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 25;11(10):2386. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102386.
The skin and the gut are regularly colonized by a variety of microorganisms capable of interacting with the immune system through their metabolites and influencing the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota have been described in various cutaneous diseases, including skin cancer, and the actual function of the human microbiota in skin carcinogenesis, such as in progression and metastasis, is currently an active area of research. The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is well consolidated, especially in chronically immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, an imbalance between spp., such as and , has been found to be strongly related to the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma and differently associated with various stages of the diseases in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Also, in melanoma patients, differences in microbiota have been related to dissimilar disease course and prognosis and may affect the effectiveness and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which currently represent one of the best chances of a cure. From this point of view, acting on microbiota can be considered a possible therapeutic option for patients with advanced skin cancers, even if several issues are still open.
皮肤和肠道经常被各种微生物定殖，这些微生物能够通过其代谢产物与免疫系统相互作用，并影响免疫耐受和炎症之间的平衡。皮肤微生物群的组成和多样性变化已在包括皮肤癌在内的各种皮肤疾病中有所描述，而人类微生物群在皮肤癌发生过程中的实际作用，如在进展和转移中的作用，目前是一个活跃的研究领域。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）在鳞状细胞癌发病机制中的作用已得到充分证实，尤其是在慢性免疫抑制患者中。此外，已发现某些菌种（如[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]）之间的失衡与光化性角化病向鳞状细胞癌的进展密切相关，并且在皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤患者中与疾病的不同阶段有不同的关联。同样，在黑色素瘤患者中，微生物群的差异与不同的病程和预后相关，并且可能影响免疫检查点抑制剂的有效性和耐受性，而免疫检查点抑制剂目前是治愈的最佳机会之一。从这个角度来看，即使仍有几个问题尚未解决，对微生物群采取干预措施也可被视为晚期皮肤癌患者的一种可能的治疗选择。
