Wang Jie, Zhao Kaisen, Li Mianying, Fan Huimei, Wang Meigui, Xia Siqi, Chen Yang, Bai Xue, Liu Zheliang, Ni Jiale, Sun Wenqiang, Jia Xianbo, Lai Songjia
Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 28;11(10):2423. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102423.
At present, it is common to feed calves with "Concentrate", "Concentrate + hay" and TMR "Total Mixed Rations" feeding patterns in China, which achieved well feeding efficiency, but the three feeding patterns molecular regulation mechanism in actual production is still unclear. The study aimed to explore the most suitable feeding pattern for Chinese Holstein calves to improve the rumen fermentation function and growth performance of calves. In this regard, the interactions between rumen microorganisms and host metabolism were investigated. The rumen volume and weight of calves in the GF group were significantly higher than those in the GFF and TMR groups ( < 0.05), and the rumen pH of calves in the GF group was 6.47~6.79. Metagenomics analysis revealed that the rumen microbiome of GF and GFF calves had higher relative abundances of , , and ( < 0.05). was significantly more abundant in the rumen of GF calves ( < 0.05), indicating that GF group calves had a stronger ability to ferment sugars. Notably, in the pyruvate metabolic pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was significantly up-regulated in GF calves compared with the TMR group, and pyruvate-phosphate dikinase was significantly down-regulated. Metabolomic results showed that Ursodeoxycholic acid was significantly up-regulated in GF calves, and most of the differential metabolites were enriched in Bile secretion pathways. The association analysis study found that the microorganisms of and might cooperate with the host, which was helpful for the digestion and absorption of lipids and made the calves have better growth. The three feeding modes had similar effects, but the 'GF' feeding pattern was more beneficial to the individual growth and ruminal development regarding ruminal morphology, contents physiology and microorganisms. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of rumen microorganisms and the host could more effectively hydrolyze lipid substances and promote the absorption of lipids, which was of great significance to the growth of calves.
目前，中国犊牛的饲养方式常见的有“精料”、“精料 + 干草”和全混合日粮（TMR）“全混合日粮”饲喂模式，这几种模式均取得了良好的饲养效率，但三种饲喂模式在实际生产中的分子调控机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在探索最适合中国荷斯坦犊牛的饲喂模式，以改善犊牛的瘤胃发酵功能和生长性能。在这方面，研究了瘤胃微生物与宿主代谢之间的相互作用。GF组犊牛的瘤胃体积和重量显著高于GFF组和TMR组（<0.05），GF组犊牛的瘤胃pH值为6.47~6.79。宏基因组学分析显示，GF组和GFF组犊牛的瘤胃微生物群中，[具体微生物名称1]、[具体微生物名称2]和[具体微生物名称3]的相对丰度较高（<0.05）。[具体微生物名称1]在GF组犊牛瘤胃中的丰度显著更高（<0.05），表明GF组犊牛具有更强的糖发酵能力。值得注意的是，在丙酮酸代谢途径中，与TMR组相比，GF组犊牛的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶显著上调，丙酮酸磷酸双激酶显著下调。代谢组学结果表明，熊去氧胆酸在GF组犊牛中显著上调，大多数差异代谢物富集在胆汁分泌途径中。关联分析研究发现，[具体微生物名称4]和[具体微生物名称5]的微生物可能与宿主协同作用，有助于脂质的消化吸收，使犊牛生长更好。三种饲喂模式效果相似，但就瘤胃形态、内容物生理和微生物而言，“GF”饲喂模式对个体生长和瘤胃发育更有益。此外，瘤胃微生物与宿主的协同作用能更有效地水解脂质物质，促进脂质吸收，这对犊牛生长具有重要意义。
