Aires Julio, Ilhan Zehra Esra, Nicolas Lancelot, Ferraris Laurent, Delannoy Johanne, Bredel Maxime, Chauvire-Drouard Anne, Barbut Frédéric, Rozé Jean-Christophe, Lepage Patricia, Butel Marie-José
Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139 (3PHM), 75006 Paris, France.
FHU PREMA, Fighting Prematurity, 75014 Paris, France.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 29;11(10):2457. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102457.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is still one of the leading causes of neonatal death. The present study reports the data from a French case-control prospective multicenter study.
A total of 146 preterm neonates (PNs) with or without NEC were included. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples (n = 103). Specific culture media were used to isolate , , and , and strains were phenotypically characterized.
The gut microbiota of PNs was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and five enterotypes were identified. The microbiota composition was similar between NEC cases and PN controls. However, differences were observed in the relative abundance of genus, which was significantly lower in the NEC group, whereas that of the cluster III was significantly higher ( < 0.05). Within enterotypes, several phylotypes were significantly more abundant in NEC cases ( < 0.05). Regarding perinatal factors, a statistical association was found between the gut microbiota and cesarean delivery and antifungal therapy. In NEC cases and PN controls, the carriage rates and virulence genes of uropathogenic were equivalent based on culture. No correlation was found between , , and carriages, beta-lactam resistance, and antibiotic treatment.
At disease onset, our data support a microbiota dysbiosis between NEC and control infants at the genus level. In addition, it provides valuable information on bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility.
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）仍是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一。本研究报告了一项法国病例对照前瞻性多中心研究的数据。
共纳入146例患有或未患NEC的早产儿（PNs）。对粪便样本（n = 103）进行细菌16S rRNA基因测序。使用特定培养基分离 、 和 ，并对菌株进行表型特征分析。
PNs的肠道微生物群以厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主，共鉴定出五种肠型。NEC病例和PN对照之间的微生物群组成相似。然而，观察到 属的相对丰度存在差异，NEC组显著较低，而 簇III的相对丰度显著较高（< 0.05）。在肠型内，NEC病例中有几种系统发育型显著更为丰富（< 0.05）。关于围产期因素，发现肠道微生物群与剖宫产和抗真菌治疗之间存在统计学关联。在NEC病例和PN对照中，基于培养，尿路致病性 的携带率和毒力基因相当。未发现 、 和 的携带情况、β-内酰胺耐药性与抗生素治疗之间存在相关性。
在疾病发作时，我们的数据支持NEC患儿与对照婴儿在属水平上存在微生物群失调。此外，它提供了关于细菌抗菌敏感性的有价值信息。
