Ingersoll John G
ECOCORP INC., 1211 South Eads Street, Suite 803, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
Microorganisms. 2023 Oct 21;11(10):2600. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102600.
The novel industrial approach of co-fermenting wood wastes with agricultural wastes that are rich in nitrogen such as animal manures to produce bio-methane (renewable natural gas) fuel via thermophilic anaerobic digestion mimics an analogous process occurring in lower termites, but it relies instead on thermophilic fungi along with other thermophilic microorganisms comprising suitable bacteria and archaea. Wood microbial hydrolysis under thermophilic temperatures (range of 55 °C to 70 °C) and aerobic or micro-aerobic conditions constitutes the first step of the two-step (hydrolysis and fermentation) dry thermophilic anaerobic digestion industrial process, designated as "W2M3+2", that relies on thermophilic fungi species, most of which grow naturally in wood piles. Eleven thermophilic fungi have been identified as likely agents of the industrial process, and their known growth habitats and conditions have been reviewed. Future research is proposed such that the optimal growth temperature of these thermophilic fungi could be increased to the higher thermophilic range approaching 70 °C, and a tolerance to partial anaerobic conditions can be obtained by modifying the fungal microbiome via a symbiotic existence with bacteria and/or viruses.
一种新型的工业方法是将木材废料与富含氮的农业废料（如动物粪便）共同发酵，通过嗜热厌氧消化生产生物甲烷（可再生天然气）燃料，这一过程模仿了在低等白蚁中发生的类似过程，但它依赖的是嗜热真菌以及包括合适细菌和古菌在内的其他嗜热微生物。在嗜热温度（55℃至70℃范围）以及有氧或微氧条件下的木材微生物水解是两步（水解和发酵）干式嗜热厌氧消化工业过程（称为“W2M3+2”）的第一步，该过程依赖于嗜热真菌物种，其中大多数在木堆中自然生长。已确定11种嗜热真菌可能是该工业过程的作用因子，并对它们已知的生长栖息地和条件进行了综述。建议未来开展研究，以便将这些嗜热真菌的最佳生长温度提高到接近70℃的更高嗜热范围，并通过与细菌和/或病毒共生来改变真菌微生物组，从而获得对部分厌氧条件的耐受性。
