Zhu Yizhen, Ravishekar Rohan, Tang Tengteng, Gogoi Banashree, Gockley Carson, Venu Sushmitha, Alford Terry L, Li Xiangjia
School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Molecules. 2023 Oct 16;28(20):7109. doi: 10.3390/molecules28207109.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has emerged as a promising conductive polymer for constructing efficient hole-transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, conventional fabrication methods, such as spin coating, spray coating, and slot-die coating, have resulted in PEDOT:PSS nanofilms with limited performance, characterized by a low density and non-uniform nanostructures. We introduce a novel 3D-printing approach called electrically assisted direct ink deposition with ultrasonic vibrations (EF-DID-UV) to overcome these challenges. This innovative printing method combines programmable acoustic field modulation with electrohydrodynamic spraying, providing a powerful tool for controlling the PEDOT:PSS nanofilm's morphology precisely. The experimental findings indicate that when PEDOT:PSS nanofilms are crafted using horizontal ultrasonic vibrations, they demonstrate a uniform dispersion of PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles, setting them apart from instances involving vertical ultrasonic vibrations, both prior to and after the printing process. In particular, when horizontal ultrasonic vibrations are applied at a low amplitude (0.15 A) during printing, these nanofilms showcase exceptional wettability performance, with a contact angle of 16.24°, and impressive electrical conductivity of 2092 Ω/square. Given its ability to yield high-performance PEDOT:PSS nanofilms with precisely controlled nanostructures, this approach holds great promise for a wide range of nanotechnological applications, including the production of solar cells, wearable sensors, and actuators.
聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸盐）（PEDOT:PSS）已成为一种有前途的导电聚合物，用于在钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）中构建高效的空穴传输层（HTL）。然而，传统的制造方法，如旋涂、喷涂和狭缝模头涂布，导致PEDOT:PSS纳米薄膜性能有限，其特点是密度低且纳米结构不均匀。我们引入了一种名为超声振动电辅助直接墨水沉积（EF-DID-UV）的新型3D打印方法来克服这些挑战。这种创新的打印方法将可编程声场调制与电流体动力喷涂相结合，为精确控制PEDOT:PSS纳米薄膜的形态提供了一个强大的工具。实验结果表明，当使用水平超声振动制作PEDOT:PSS纳米薄膜时，它们展示了PEDOT:PSS纳米颗粒的均匀分散，这使其在打印过程之前和之后与涉及垂直超声振动的情况有所不同。特别是，当在打印过程中以低振幅（0.15 A）施加水平超声振动时，这些纳米薄膜表现出优异的润湿性，接触角为16.24°，以及令人印象深刻的2092 Ω/方的电导率。鉴于其能够生产具有精确控制纳米结构的高性能PEDOT:PSS纳米薄膜，这种方法在广泛的纳米技术应用中具有巨大潜力，包括太阳能电池、可穿戴传感器和致动器的生产。
