Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
Molecules. 2023 Oct 17;28(20):7127. doi: 10.3390/molecules28207127.
The development of multiple-drug-resistant pathogens has prompted medical research toward the development of new and effective antimicrobial therapies. Much research into novel antibiotics has focused on bacterial and fungal compounds, and on chemical modification of existing compounds to increase their efficacy or reactivate their antimicrobial properties. In contrast, cyanobacteria have been relatively overlooked for antibiotic discovery, and much more work is required. This may be because some cyanobacterial species produce environmental toxins, leading to concerns about the safety of cyanobacterial compounds in therapy. Despite this, several cyanobacterial-derived compounds have been identified with noteworthy inhibitory activity against bacterial, fungal and protozoal growth, as well as viral replication. Additionally, many of these compounds have relatively low toxicity and are therefore relevant targets for drug development. Of particular note, several linear and heterocyclic peptides and depsipeptides with potent activity and good safety indexes have been identified and are undergoing development as antimicrobial chemotherapies. However, substantial further studies are required to identify and screen the myriad other cyanobacterial-derived compounds to evaluate their therapeutic potential. This study reviews the known phytochemistry of cyanobacteria, and where relevant, the effects of those compounds against bacterial, fungal, protozoal and viral pathogens, with the aim of highlighting gaps in the literature and focusing future studies in this field.
多种耐药病原体的发展促使医学研究转向开发新的和有效的抗菌治疗方法。许多新型抗生素的研究集中在细菌和真菌化合物上，以及对现有化合物进行化学修饰以提高其疗效或重新激活其抗菌特性。相比之下，蓝藻在抗生素发现方面相对被忽视，需要做更多的工作。这可能是因为一些蓝藻物种会产生环境毒素，导致人们对治疗中蓝藻化合物的安全性产生担忧。尽管如此，已经确定了几种具有显著抑制细菌、真菌和原生动物生长以及病毒复制活性的蓝藻衍生化合物。此外，这些化合物中的许多具有相对较低的毒性，因此是药物开发的相关目标。值得特别注意的是，已经鉴定出几种具有强大活性和良好安全指数的线性和杂环肽和去肽，并正在作为抗菌化疗药物进行开发。然而，需要进行大量进一步的研究来鉴定和筛选无数其他的蓝藻衍生化合物，以评估它们的治疗潜力。本研究综述了蓝藻的已知植物化学，并在相关情况下，综述了这些化合物对细菌、真菌、原生动物和病毒病原体的作用，旨在突出文献中的空白，并将未来的研究重点放在该领域。
