Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 19;24(20):15366. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015366.
Structural or post-traumatic epilepsy often develops after brain tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, infectious diseases of the brain, etc. Most often, between the initiating event and epilepsy, there is a period without seizures-a latent period. At this time, the process of restructuring of neural networks begins, leading to the formation of epileptiform activity, called epileptogenesis. The prediction of the development of the epileptogenic process is currently an urgent and difficult task. MicroRNAs are inexpensive and minimally invasive biomarkers of biological and pathological processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of microRNAs to detect the risk of epileptogenesis. In this study, we conducted a systematic search on the MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science platforms. We analyzed publications that studied the aberrant expression of circulating microRNAs in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke in order to search for microRNAs-potential biomarkers for predicting epileptogenesis. Thus, 31 manuscripts examining biomarkers of epilepsy, 19 manuscripts examining biomarkers of traumatic brain injury, and 48 manuscripts examining biomarkers of ischemic stroke based on circulating miRNAs were analyzed. Three miRNAs were studied: miR-21, miR-181a, and miR-155. The findings showed that miR-21 and miR-155 are associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis, and miR-181a is associated with protein modifications. These miRNAs are not strictly specific, but they are involved in processes that may be indirectly associated with epileptogenesis. Also, these microRNAs may be of interest when they are studied in a cohort with each other and with other microRNAs. To further study the microRNA-based biomarkers of epileptogenesis, many factors must be taken into account: the time of sampling, the type of biological fluid, and other nuances. Currently, there is a need for more in-depth and prolonged studies of epileptogenesis.
结构性或创伤后癫痫通常在由创伤性脑损伤、中风、脑部感染性疾病等引起的脑组织损伤后发展。大多数情况下，在起始事件和癫痫之间存在无癫痫发作的潜伏期。此时，神经网络重构过程开始，导致癫痫样活动的形成，称为癫痫发生。目前，预测癫痫发生过程的发展是一个紧迫而困难的任务。microRNAs 是生物和病理过程的廉价且微创的生物标志物。本研究的目的是评估 microRNAs 检测癫痫发生风险的预测能力。在这项研究中，我们在 MDPI、PubMed、ScienceDirect 和 Web of Science 平台上进行了系统搜索。我们分析了研究癫痫、创伤性脑损伤和缺血性中风中循环 microRNAs 异常表达的出版物，以寻找 microRNAs-预测癫痫发生的潜在生物标志物。因此，分析了 31 篇研究癫痫生物标志物的论文、19 篇研究创伤性脑损伤生物标志物的论文和 48 篇研究基于循环 microRNAs 的缺血性中风生物标志物的论文。研究了三种 microRNAs：miR-21、miR-181a 和 miR-155。研究结果表明，miR-21 和 miR-155 与细胞增殖和凋亡有关，miR-181a 与蛋白质修饰有关。这些 microRNAs 不是严格特异的，但它们参与的过程可能与癫痫发生间接相关。此外，当彼此以及与其他 microRNAs 一起在队列中进行研究时，这些 microRNAs 可能会引起关注。为了进一步研究癫痫发生的 microRNA 生物标志物，必须考虑许多因素：采样时间、生物流体类型等细节。目前，需要对癫痫发生进行更深入和更长期的研究。
