Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Oct 15;14(10):1942. doi: 10.3390/genes14101942.
The protein 4.1 and membrane palmitoylated protein (MPP) families were originally found as components in the erythrocyte membrane skeletal protein complex, which helps maintain the stability of erythrocyte membranes by linking intramembranous proteins and meshwork structures composed of actin and spectrin under the membranes. Recently, it has been recognized that cells and tissues ubiquitously use this membrane skeletal system. Various intramembranous proteins, including adhesion molecules, ion channels, and receptors, have been shown to interact with the 4.1 and MPP families, regulating cellular and tissue dynamics by binding to intracellular signal transduction proteins. In this review, we focus on our previous studies regarding genetically modified animal models, especially on 4.1G, MPP6, and MPP2, to describe their functional roles in the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system, the testis, and bone formation. As the membrane skeletal proteins are located at sites that receive signals from outside the cell and transduce signals inside the cell, it is necessary to elucidate their molecular interrelationships, which may broaden the understanding of cell and tissue functions.
蛋白 4.1 和膜棕榈酰化蛋白（MPP）家族最初被发现是红细胞膜骨架蛋白复合物的组成部分，通过连接跨膜蛋白和由肌动蛋白和血影蛋白组成的网格状结构，帮助维持红细胞膜的稳定性。最近，人们已经认识到细胞和组织广泛使用这种膜骨架系统。各种跨膜蛋白，包括黏附分子、离子通道和受体，已被证明与 4.1 和 MPP 家族相互作用，通过与细胞内信号转导蛋白结合来调节细胞和组织的动态。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了我们以前关于基因修饰动物模型的研究，特别是 4.1G、MPP6 和 MPP2，以描述它们在外周神经系统、中枢神经系统、睾丸和骨形成中的功能作用。由于膜骨架蛋白位于从细胞外部接收信号并在细胞内部转导信号的部位，因此有必要阐明它们的分子相互关系，这可能会拓宽对细胞和组织功能的理解。
