Shaghaleh Hiba, Zhu Yuanpeng, Shi Xinyi, Alhaj Hamoud Yousef, Ma Chao
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Life (Basel). 2023 Sep 29;13(10):1993. doi: 10.3390/life13101993.
Although straw is an abundant and useful agricultural byproduct, it, however, exhibits hardly any decomposition and transformation. Despite the successful application of chemical and biological substrates for accelerating straw decomposition, the co-effects and mechanisms involved are still unknown. Herein, we performed a 120 day field trial to examine the co-effects of a nitrogen fertilizer (N) and a straw-decomposing microbial inoculant (SDMI) on the straw mass, nutrient release, and the straw chemical structure of composted wheat straw in the Chaohu Lake area, East China. For this purpose, four treatments were selected with straw: S (straw only), NS (N + straw), MS (SDMI + straw), and NMS (N + SDMI + straw). Our results indicated that NMS caused a higher straw decomposition rate than S, NS, and MS ( < 0.05) after 120 days of composting. The N, P, and K discharge rates in treating with NMS were higher than other the treatments at 120 days. The A/OA ratios of the straw residues were gradually increased during the composting, but the treatment of NMS and MS was lower than the CK at the latter stage. The RDA showed that the decomposition rate, nutrient release, and the chemical structure change in the straw were cumulative, while respiration was strongly correlated with lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and neutral xylanase. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilizer or straw-decomposing microbial inoculant application can improve the decomposition rate and nutrient release with oxidase activity intensified. However, the co-application of nitrogen fertilizer and a straw-decomposing microbial inoculant promoted straw decomposition and enzyme activity better than a single application and showed a lower decomposition degree, which means more potential for further decomposing after 120 days.
尽管秸秆是一种丰富且有用的农业副产品，但它几乎没有任何分解和转化。尽管化学和生物底物在加速秸秆分解方面有成功应用，但其协同效应和相关机制仍不清楚。在此，我们进行了一项为期120天的田间试验，以研究氮肥（N）和秸秆分解微生物接种剂（SDMI）对中国东部巢湖地区堆肥小麦秸秆的秸秆质量、养分释放和秸秆化学结构的协同效应。为此，选择了四种秸秆处理方式：S（仅秸秆）、NS（N+秸秆）、MS（SDMI+秸秆）和NMS（N+SDMI+秸秆）。我们的结果表明，堆肥120天后，NMS处理的秸秆分解率高于S、NS和MS处理（<0.05）。120天时，NMS处理的N、P和K排放率高于其他处理。在堆肥过程中，秸秆残渣的A/OA比值逐渐增加，但在后期NMS和MS处理低于对照。冗余分析表明，秸秆的分解率、养分释放和化学结构变化是累积的，而呼吸作用与木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶和中性木聚糖酶密切相关。总之，施用氮肥或秸秆分解微生物接种剂可以提高分解率和养分释放，并增强氧化酶活性。然而，氮肥和秸秆分解微生物接种剂的联合施用比单独施用更能促进秸秆分解和酶活性，且分解程度较低，这意味着在120天后有更大的进一步分解潜力。
