Ujjwal Kumar, Anand Kumar Katipalli, Anand Mukul, Singh Raman R K, Das Alok Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India.
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Oct 16;16(20):6716. doi: 10.3390/ma16206716.
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was employed to fabricate 4043 aluminum alloy walls. To investigate the effects of sinusoidal, triangular, and rectangular waveforms of alternating current (AC) and their transients on the wall geometry, microstructure evolution, hardness, and wear properties were evaluated. The root mean square (RMS) current value was maximum for the rectangular and minimum for the triangular waveform. The section produced by the triangular waveform had the highest height-to-width ratio, indicating that this waveform can be a favorable choice for creating components using WAAM. The optical micrographs of the transverse cross-section of the printed sections revealed the grain structure produced with this waveform to be heterogeneous, having a columnar dendritic structure at the bottom and equiaxed at the top portion. The waveforms also had an impact on the hardness and wear characteristics of all the walls, which were attributed to their cooling rate.
采用电弧增材制造（WAAM）技术制备4043铝合金壁板。为了研究交流电（AC）的正弦波、三角波和矩形波及其瞬态对壁板几何形状的影响，对其微观结构演变、硬度和磨损性能进行了评估。矩形波的均方根（RMS）电流值最大，三角波的最小。三角波产生的截面具有最高的高宽比，表明该波形可能是使用WAAM制造部件的理想选择。打印截面横向的光学显微照片显示，用该波形产生的晶粒结构不均匀，底部为柱状树枝晶结构，顶部为等轴晶结构。波形对所有壁板的硬度和磨损特性也有影响，这归因于它们的冷却速率。
