对一种改进的前向六边形加载互补开口谐振环的电小天线的材料加载研究。

Investigation of Material Loading on an Evolved Antecedent Hexagonal CSRR-Loaded Electrically Small Antenna.

作者信息

Ng Jake Peng Sean, Sum Yee Loon, Soong Boon Hee, Monteiro Paulo J M

机构信息

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, 725 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Oct 21;23(20):8624. doi: 10.3390/s23208624.

DOI:10.3390/s23208624

PMID:37896716

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10610655/

Abstract

Recent advances in embedded antenna and sensor technologies for 5G communications have galvanized a response toward the investigation of their electromagnetic performance for urban contexts and civil engineering applications. This article quantitatively investigates the effects of material loading on an evolved antecedent hexagonal complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-loaded antenna design through simulation and experimentation. Optimization of the narrowband antenna system was first performed in a simulation environment to achieve resonance at 3.50 GHz, featuring an impedance bandwidth of 1.57% with maximum return loss and theoretical gain values of 20.0 dB and 1.80 dBi, respectively. As a proof-of-concept, a physical prototype is fabricated on a printed circuit board followed by a simulation-based parametric study involving antenna prototypes embedded into Ordinary Portland Cement pastes with varying weight percentages of iron(III) oxide inclusions. Simulation-derived and experimental results are mutually verified, achieving a systemic downward shift in resonant frequency and corresponding variations in impedance matching induced by changes in loading reactance. Finally, an inversion modeling procedure is employed using perturbation theory to extrapolate the relative permittivity of the dielectric loaded materials. Our proposed analysis contributes to optimizing concrete-embedded 5G antenna sensor designs and establishes a foundational framework for estimating unknown dielectric parameters of cementitious composites.

摘要

用于5G通信的嵌入式天线和传感器技术的最新进展激发了人们对其在城市环境和土木工程应用中的电磁性能进行研究的热情。本文通过仿真和实验定量研究了材料加载对一种改进的先行六边形互补分裂环谐振器（CSRR）加载天线设计的影响。首先在仿真环境中对窄带天线系统进行优化，以在3.50 GHz处实现谐振，其阻抗带宽为1.57%，最大回波损耗和理论增益值分别为20.0 dB和1.80 dBi。作为概念验证，在印刷电路板上制作了一个物理原型，随后进行了基于仿真的参数研究，该研究涉及嵌入到含有不同重量百分比氧化铁夹杂物的普通硅酸盐水泥浆体中的天线原型。仿真得出的结果和实验结果相互验证，实现了谐振频率的系统性下移以及由负载电抗变化引起的阻抗匹配的相应变化。最后，采用微扰理论的反演建模程序来推断负载电介质材料的相对介电常数。我们提出的分析有助于优化混凝土嵌入式5G天线传感器设计，并为估计水泥基复合材料的未知介电参数建立了一个基础框架。