Nguyen The N, Kumari Sushmita, Sillman Sarah, Chaudhari Jayeshbhai, Lai Danh C, Vu Hiep L X
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Oct 15;11(10):1596. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101596.
The Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is highly prevalent and causes significant economic losses to swine producers. Due to the highly variable and rapidly evolving nature of the virus, it is critical to develop a safe and versatile vaccine platform that allows for frequent updates of the vaccine immunogens to cope with the emergence of new viral strains. The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as nanocarriers for delivering DNA plasmid encoding the viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene in pigs. The intramuscular administration of a single dose of the LNP-DNA vaccines resulted in robust systemic and mucosal responses in pigs. Importantly, the vaccinated pigs were fully protected against challenge infection with the homologous IAV-S strain, with only 1 out of 12 vaccinated pigs shedding a low amount of viral genomic RNA in its nasal cavity. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of the vaccinated pigs at necropsy. Thus, the LNP-DNA vaccines are highly effective in protecting pigs against the homologous IAV-S strain and can serve as a promising platform for the rapid development of IAV-S vaccines.
猪甲型流感病毒（IAV-S）高度流行，给养猪生产者造成重大经济损失。由于该病毒具有高度变异性和快速进化的特性，开发一个安全且通用的疫苗平台至关重要，该平台能够频繁更新疫苗免疫原，以应对新病毒株的出现。本研究的主要目的是评估使用脂质纳米颗粒（LNPs）作为纳米载体在猪体内递送编码病毒血凝素（HA）基因的DNA质粒的可行性。单次肌内注射LNP-DNA疫苗可在猪体内引发强烈的全身和黏膜反应。重要的是，接种疫苗的猪对同源IAV-S毒株的攻击感染具有完全的保护作用，12头接种疫苗的猪中只有1头在鼻腔中排出少量病毒基因组RNA。尸检时在接种疫苗的猪的肺部未观察到肉眼可见或微观的病变。因此，LNP-DNA疫苗在保护猪免受同源IAV-S毒株感染方面非常有效，并且可以作为IAV-S疫苗快速开发的一个有前景的平台。
