Chen Jun-Nan, Jiang Wen-Yang, Zan Zhi-Man, Wang Jiang-Tao, Zheng Bin, Liu Ling, Liu Juan, Jiao Nian-Yuan
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Oct;34(10):2672-2682. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.010.
To clarify the photosynthetic mechanism contributing to the enhancement of intercropping advantages through co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut, we conducted a field randomized block experiment under two phosphorus levels of 0(P) and 180 kg PO·hm(P) with flat intercropping of maize and peanut (FIC) as the control. We analyzed the effects of co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut (RIC) and groove-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut (GIC) on crop leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, CO carboxylation ability, photosystems coordination (), and intercropping advantage of yield. The results showed that RIC significantly increased SPAD value at the silking stage of intercropping maize, and significantly improved the apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis (AQY), maximum electron transfer rate (), maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (), net photosynthetic rate at the CO saturation () and of intercropping maize compared with those of FIC and GIC at silking stage and milking stage, but reduced the ratio of variable fluorescence to amplitude -() and the ratio of variable fluorescence to amplitude -() of the functional leaf photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) at the milking stage of maize. There were no significant differences in these parameters between FIC and GIC. Compared with FIC, both RIC and GIC increased LAI of intercropping peanut at late growth stage and SPAD value at pod setting stage, significantly improved , , and , and reduced and values of intercropping peanut functional leaves at pod expanding stage. The difference in these parameters between RIC and GIC were not significant. The land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantages of RIC were higher than those of FIC and GIC. Phosphorus application could further promote , , and of intercropping maize and peanut, and significantly improve yield advantages of intercropping. The findings indicated that co-ridge intercropping could enhance CO carboxylation and fixation by improving photosynthetic electron transport and pho-tosystems coordination, improve the photosynthetic rate of functional leaves of maize and peanut, thus increase crop yield and intercropping advantages.
为阐明通过玉米与花生垄作套种增强套种优势的光合机制，我们以玉米与花生平作套种（FIC）为对照，在0（P）和180 kg P₂O₅·hm⁻²两个磷水平下进行了田间随机区组试验。分析了玉米与花生垄作套种（RIC）和玉米与花生沟垄套种（GIC）对作物叶面积指数（LAI）、SPAD值、CO₂羧化能力、光合系统协调性（）以及套种产量优势的影响。结果表明，与FIC和GIC在吐丝期和灌浆期相比，RIC显著提高了套种玉米吐丝期的SPAD值，显著提高了光合表观量子产率（AQY）、最大电子传递速率（）、Rubisco羧化最大速率（）、CO₂饱和时的净光合速率（），但降低了玉米灌浆期功能叶光合系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的可变荧光与最大荧光强度比值（Fv/Fm）和可变荧光与初始荧光强度比值（Fv/Fo）。FIC和GIC之间这些参数无显著差异。与FIC相比，RIC和GIC均提高了套种花生生育后期的LAI和结荚期的SPAD值，显著提高了（）、（）和（），降低了花生荚果膨大期功能叶的（）和（）值。RIC和GIC之间这些参数的差异不显著。RIC的土地当量比和套种优势高于FIC和GIC。施磷可进一步促进套种玉米和花生的（）、（）、（）和（），显著提高套种的产量优势。研究结果表明，垄作套种可通过改善光合电子传递和光合系统协调性增强CO₂羧化和固定，提高玉米和花生功能叶的光合速率，从而提高作物产量和套种优势。
