College of crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 22;19(2):622. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020622.
Intercropping has been widely used to control disease and improve yield in agriculture. In this study, maize and peanut were used for non-separation intercropping (NS), semi-separation intercropping (SS) using a nylon net, and complete separation intercropping (CS) using a plastic sheet. In field experiments, two-year land equivalent ratios (LERs) showed yield advantages due to belowground interactions when using NS and SS patterns as compared to monoculture. In contrast, intercropping without belowground interactions (CS) showed a yield disadvantage. Meanwhile, in pot experiments, belowground interactions (found in NS and SS) improved levels of soil-available nutrients (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) and enzymes (urease and acid phosphomonoesterase) as compared to intercropping without belowground interactions (CS). Soil bacterial community assay showed that soil bacterial communities in the NS and SS crops clustered together and were considerably different from the CS crops. The diversity of bacterial communities was significantly improved in soils with NS and SS. The abundance of beneficial bacteria, which have the functions of P-solubilization, pathogen suppression, and N-cycling, was improved in maize and peanut soils due to belowground interactions through intercropping. Among these bacteria, numbers of , , and were mainly increased in the maize rhizosphere. , , and were mainly increased in the peanut rhizosphere. In conclusion, using maize and peanut intercropping, belowground interactions increased the numbers of beneficial bacteria in the soil and improved the diversity of the bacterial community, which was conducive to improving soil nutrient (N and P) supply capacity and soil microecosystem stability.
间作在农业中被广泛用于控制疾病和提高产量。本研究采用玉米和花生进行非分离间作（NS）、尼龙网半分离间作（SS）和塑料片完全分离间作（CS）。田间试验两年的土地当量比（LER）表明，与单作相比，NS 和 SS 模式由于地下相互作用而具有产量优势。相比之下，没有地下相互作用的间作（CS）表现出产量劣势。同时，在盆栽试验中，与没有地下相互作用的间作（CS）相比，地下相互作用（在 NS 和 SS 中发现）提高了土壤有效养分（氮（N）和磷（P））和酶（脲酶和酸性磷酸单酯酶）的水平。土壤细菌群落分析表明，NS 和 SS 作物的土壤细菌群落聚集在一起，与 CS 作物有很大的不同。NS 和 SS 土壤中的细菌群落多样性显著提高。由于间作的地下相互作用，具有溶磷、抑制病原菌和氮循环功能的有益细菌的丰度在玉米和花生土壤中得到提高。在这些细菌中， 、 和 的数量主要在玉米根际增加。 、 和 的数量主要在花生根际增加。总之，玉米和花生间作利用地下相互作用增加了土壤中有益细菌的数量，提高了细菌群落的多样性，有利于提高土壤养分（N 和 P）供应能力和土壤微生态系统稳定性。
