Meng Jian, Sun Hao, Teng Chao, Wang Si-Han, Wang Yu-Xin, Wang Chao-Qun, Wu Rui-Xiang
School of Earth Science and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
Liaoning Nonferrous Survey and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110000, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Oct;34(10):2788-2796. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.022.
Soil moisture factor is one of the important parameters in the study of wind and sand fixation functions of ecosystems. Traditional methods often use potential evaporation, rainfall, and irrigation observed by meteorological stations to estimate soil moisture, which has significant limitations in terms of spatial continuity and data availability. Based on the development of remote sensing technology in soil moisture detection, we selected four remote sen-sing indicators for soil moisture (MODIS evapotranspiration ratio method, SMAP soil moisture ratio method, visible shortwave infrared drought index method, and remote sensing humidity index method) to improve the estimation of soil moisture factor in the modified wind erosion equation model (RWEQ), and used the improved algorithm to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of wind prevention and sand fixation services in the northwest region of Liaoning Province from 2001 to 2021. The results showed that the MODIS evapotranspiration ratio method had the highest correlation with traditional meteorological methods in calculating soil moisture. The formula obtained by fitting the two could be used to improve the calculation of soil moisture factor in the RWEQ model. From 2001 to 2021, the wind prevention and sand fixation capacity in the northwest region of Liaoning Province showed strong spatial distribution characteristics in the northern and eastern regions, while weak in the central and western regions. According to Mann-Kendall trend testing, 72.7% of the regions in northwest Liaoning Province were showing an upward trend in their ability to prevent wind and fix sand. The application of geographic detector models for driving factor analysis showed that the change in wind and sand fixation capacity was a process of multiple factors interacting with each other, greatly influenced by soil type, annual wind speed, and economic development level. Moreover, the interaction between various driving factors had a higher impact on wind and sand fixation than that of single factors. The results could improve the RWEQ model estimation and provide technical support for the long-term analysis of ecological function formation mechanisms and driving forces in the northwest region of Liaoning.
土壤水分因子是生态系统防风固沙功能研究中的重要参数之一。传统方法常利用气象站观测的潜在蒸发量、降雨量和灌溉量来估算土壤水分，这在空间连续性和数据可获取性方面存在显著局限性。基于土壤水分检测中遥感技术的发展，我们选取了四个土壤水分遥感指标（MODIS蒸散比法、SMAP土壤水分比法、可见光短波红外干旱指数法和遥感湿度指数法）来改进修正风蚀方程模型（RWEQ）中土壤水分因子的估算，并利用改进算法分析了2001年至2021年辽宁省西北部地区防风固沙服务的时空变化及驱动因素。结果表明，MODIS蒸散比法在计算土壤水分方面与传统气象方法的相关性最高。通过对二者进行拟合得到的公式可用于改进RWEQ模型中土壤水分因子的计算。2001年至2021年，辽宁省西北部地区的防风固沙能力在北部和东部地区呈现出较强的空间分布特征，而在中部和西部地区较弱。根据曼-肯德尔趋势检验，辽宁省西北部72.7%的地区防风固沙能力呈上升趋势。应用地理探测器模型进行驱动因素分析表明，防风固沙能力的变化是多因素相互作用的过程，受土壤类型、年风速和经济发展水平影响较大。此外，各驱动因素之间的相互作用对防风固沙的影响高于单一因素。研究结果可改进RWEQ模型估算，为辽宁省西北部地区生态功能形成机制及驱动力的长期分析提供技术支持。
