MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi, 315300, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(54):116004-116017. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30608-3. Epub 2023 Oct 28.
Effectively controlling target organisms while reducing the adverse effects of pesticides on non-target organisms is a crucial scientific inquiry and challenge in pesticide ecotoxicology research. Here, we studied the alleviation of herbicide (R)-imazethapyr [(R)-IM] to non-target plant wheat by active regulation between auxin and secondary metabolite 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA). We found (R)-IM reduced 32.4% auxin content in wheat leaves and induced 40.7% DIMBOA accumulation compared to the control group, which effortlessly disrupted the balance between wheat growth and defense. Transcriptomic results indicated that restoration of the auxin level in plants promoted the up-regulation of growth-related genes and the accumulation of DIMBOA up-regulated the expression of defense-related genes. Auxin and DIMBOA alleviated herbicide stress primarily through effects in the two directions of wheat growth and defense, respectively. Additionally, as a common precursor of auxin and DIMBOA, indole adopted a combined growth and defense strategy in response to (R)-IM toxicity, i.e., restoring growth development and enhancing the defense system. Future regulation of auxin and DIMBOA levels in plants may be possible through appropriate methods, thus regulating the plant growth-defense balance under herbicide stress. Our insight into the interference mechanism of herbicides to the plant growth-defense system will facilitate the design of improved strategies for herbicide detoxification.
有效控制靶标生物，同时减少农药对非靶标生物的不利影响，是农药生态毒理学研究中的一个关键科学问题和挑战。在这里，我们研究了通过生长素和次生代谢物 2,4-二羟基-7-甲氧基-2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮（DIMBOA）之间的主动调节来减轻除草剂（R）-咪草烟（（R）-IM）对非靶标植物小麦的影响。我们发现（R）-IM 降低了小麦叶片中 32.4%的生长素含量，并诱导 DIMBOA 积累 40.7%，与对照组相比，这毫不费力地破坏了小麦生长和防御之间的平衡。转录组结果表明，植物中生长素水平的恢复促进了与生长相关基因的上调表达，而 DIMBOA 的积累则上调了与防御相关基因的表达。生长素和 DIMBOA 主要通过影响小麦生长和防御的两个方向来缓解除草剂胁迫。此外，作为生长素和 DIMBOA 的共同前体，吲哚在应对（R）-IM 毒性时采取了一种生长和防御相结合的策略，即恢复生长发育并增强防御系统。通过适当的方法调节植物中生长素和 DIMBOA 的水平可能成为未来的可能，从而在除草剂胁迫下调节植物的生长-防御平衡。我们对除草剂干扰植物生长-防御系统的机制的深入了解将有助于设计改进的除草剂解毒策略。
