Functional Food and Nutrition Program, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University.
Center of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2023 Dec 1;46(12):1666-1675. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00208. Epub 2023 Oct 27.
Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum (Gnetaceae) is a shrub plant native to South-East Asia. In Thailand, Liang leaves are commonly consumed in South of Thailand as vegetable. According to literature, they have an antihyperglycemic capacity because of their rich chlorophyll, fiber, and protein. However, there is need to assess the safety since natural food products are not completely devoid of toxicity. This study aimed to assess the biological activities as well as the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of Liang leaves powder (LLP). The evaluation of LLP for acute oral toxicity was performed at dose level 2000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar rats while the sub-chronic oral toxicity of LLP was performed at the effective dose (1.47 g/kg) for antihyperglycemic property according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-425. The results showed that LLP demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities. It also showed no clinical signs of toxic effects and mortality in rats throughout 90 d. Thus, LLP could be classified in GHS category 5 which are of relatively low acute toxicity and then the lethal dose, 50% (LD) cut off at 5000 mg/kg body weight to infinity (∞). Administration of LLP to the experimental rats significantly increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of triglyceride and increased concentration of creatinine as a result of kidney malfunction was also noticed in the experimental rats. Hematological alteration was not noticed in the treated female rats, but red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations significantly increased in the treated male rats. The study concludes that sub-chronic administration of 1.47 g/kg LLP is relatively safe.
Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum（买麻藤科）是一种原产于东南亚的灌木植物。在泰国，Liang 叶在泰国南部通常被当作蔬菜食用。根据文献记载，由于其富含叶绿素、纤维和蛋白质，具有降血糖作用。然而，由于天然食品并非完全无毒，因此需要对其安全性进行评估。本研究旨在评估 Liang 叶粉（LLP）的生物活性以及急性和亚慢性口服毒性。在 Wistar 大鼠中，以 2000mg/kg 体重的剂量水平评估 LLP 的急性口服毒性，而根据经济合作与发展组织（OECD）-425，以抗高血糖作用的有效剂量（1.47g/kg）评估 LLP 的亚慢性口服毒性。结果表明，LLP 具有抗炎活性。在 90 天的试验期间，大鼠没有出现任何毒性作用和死亡的临床症状。因此，LLP 可被归类为 GHS 类别 5，其急性毒性相对较低，半数致死剂量（LD）截止值为 5000mg/kg 体重及以上（∞）。给予 LLP 实验大鼠后，显著增加了甘油三酯的浓度，并且还观察到实验大鼠肾功能异常导致的肌酐浓度升高。在接受治疗的雌性大鼠中未观察到血液学改变，但在接受治疗的雄性大鼠中，红细胞、血红蛋白和血细胞比容浓度显著增加。研究结论为，以 1.47g/kg 的剂量给予 LLP 亚慢性治疗相对安全。
