Cell Study Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Oct 30;23(1):526. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04550-y.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of salt stress on morphological, yield, biochemical, and molecular attributes of different barley genotypes. Ten genotypes were cultivated at Fayoum Research Station, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, during two seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022), and they were exposed to two different salt concentrations (tap water as a control and 8000 ppm). The results showed that genotypes and salt stress had a significant impact on all morphological and physiological parameters. The morphological parameters (plant height) and yield attributes (spike length, number of grains per spike, and grain yield per plant) of all barley genotypes were significantly decreased under salt stress as compared to control plants. Under salt stress, the total soluble sugars, proline, total phenol, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium contents of the shoots of all barley genotypes significantly increased while the potassium content decreased. L1, which is considered a sensitive genotype was more affected by salinity stress than the tolerance genotypes L4, L6, L9, and Giza 138. SDS-PAGE of seed proteins demonstrated high levels of genetic variety with a polymorphism rate of 42.11%. All genotypes evaluated revealed significant variations in the seed protein biochemical markers, with new protein bands appearing and other protein bands disappearing in the protein patterns of genotypes cultivated under various conditions. Two molecular marker techniques (SCoT and ISSR primers) were used in this study. Ten Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) primers exhibited a total of 94 fragments with sizes ranging from 1800 base pairs to 100 base pairs; 29 of them were monomorphic, and 65 bands, with a polymorphism of 62.18%, were polymorphic. These bands contained 21 unique bands (9 positive specific markers and 12 negative specific markers). A total of 54 amplified bands with molecular sizes ranging from 2200 to 200 bp were produced using seven Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers; 31 of them were monomorphic bands and 23 polymorphic bands had a 40.9% polymorphism. The techniques identified molecular genetic markers associated with salt tolerance in barley crop and successfully marked each genotype with distinct bands. The ten genotypes were sorted into two main groups by the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on molecular markers and data at a genetic similarity coefficient level of 0.71.
本研究旨在评估盐胁迫对不同大麦基因型形态、产量、生化和分子特性的影响。在埃及法尤姆研究站，于两个季节（2020-2021 年和 2021-2022 年）种植了 10 个基因型，并将它们暴露在两种不同的盐浓度（自来水作为对照和 8000ppm）下。结果表明，基因型和盐胁迫对所有形态和生理参数都有显著影响。与对照植株相比，所有大麦基因型的形态参数（株高）和产量性状（穗长、穗粒数和单株粒重）在盐胁迫下显著降低。在盐胁迫下，所有大麦基因型的地上部总可溶性糖、脯氨酸、总酚、总类黄酮、抗坏血酸、丙二醛、过氧化氢和钠含量显著增加，而钾含量降低。L1 被认为是敏感基因型，比耐盐基因型 L4、L6、L9 和 Giza 138 受盐胁迫的影响更大。种子蛋白质的 SDS-PAGE 显示出高水平的遗传多样性，多态性率为 42.11%。所有评价的基因型在种子蛋白生化标记物方面表现出显著差异，在不同条件下种植的基因型的蛋白图谱中出现新的蛋白条带，消失了其他蛋白条带。本研究采用了两种分子标记技术（SCoT 和 ISSR 引物）。10 个起始密码子靶向（SCoT）引物共扩增出 94 条片段，大小范围为 1800 个碱基对至 100 个碱基对；其中 29 条为单态性，65 条带，多态性为 62.18%，为多态性。这些条带包含 21 条独特的条带（9 条阳性特异性标记和 12 条阴性特异性标记）。使用 7 个简单序列重复（ISSR）引物共扩增出 54 条大小在 2200-200bp 之间的扩增条带；其中 31 条为单态性带，23 条多态性带的多态性为 40.9%。这两种技术都鉴定出了与大麦作物耐盐性相关的分子遗传标记，并成功地用不同的条带标记了每个基因型。基于分子标记和遗传相似系数为 0.71 的数据分析，采用非加权对群算术平均（UPGMA）聚类分析将这 10 个基因型分为两组。
